The field of rock mechanics is concerned with the response of rocks to the forces acting on them, characterizing this behaviour in specific environments and under varying loading conditions. This review discusses the suitability of current mechanical testing methods for inhomogeneous rock bodies, with a specific focus on the use of artificial samples in place of real rocks in these tests. The use of artificial materials such as cement, resins, and sand-based mixtures is reviewed, as is the manufacture of three-dimensionally printed samples. The benefits and drawbacks of using such specimens in mechanical tests, and the validity of their simulation of real rock are discussed. There is evidence that 3D-printed samples have the advantage of overcoming the problems of specimen reproducibility and also make possible the ability to test the response of specific defects to loading. There is thus great potential for the use of 3D printing in this field. However, the review concludes that further post-processing and careful thought about the materials used must be carried out to ensure that printed samples are of adequate strength and brittleness to accurately simulate real rocks.