Influence of electrode morphology on electrochemical properties of lead dioxide electrodes (β-PbO2) for oxygen-ozone evolution reactions in acid medium was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), polarization curves (PC), and determination of the current efficiency (Φ). Experimental findings revealed that application of high electrodeposition current densities furnishes more rough β-PbO2 films. Surface characteristics were verified by SEM images and the analysis of interfacial pseudo-capacitances and morphology factor (φ). Kinetic study of the overall electrode process (O2 + O3) based on the analysis of the Tafel slope revealed that the electrode morphology and electrolyte composition considerably affect the electrode kinetics. In most cases, the existence of two Tafel slopes distributed in the low and high overpotential domains was observed. Abnormal Tafel slopes (b ≠ 120 mV) obtained for the primary water discharge step during water electrolysis were interpreted considering the apparent charge transfer coefficient (α apa). Optimum conditions for the ozone production were obtained for the less rough β-PbO2 electrode immersed in a sulfuric acid solution (1.0 mol dm−3) containing KPF6 (30 × 10−3 mol dm−3), where the current efficiency of 15 mass % for the ozone production was obtained.
Since electrode electroactivity and stability depend directly on the nature, morphology, and structure of the material, we have investigated how modifications to the Pechini method during the synthesis of Pt-RuO x /C electrocatalysts affected catalyst activity. The structure and stability of the resulting materials were investigated after their submission to a large number of potential scans and to constant potential for a prolonged time period in sulfuric acid 0.5 mol L −1 and methanol 0.1 mol L −1 solution. DMFC tests were accomplished using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared by hot-pressing a pretreated Nafion 117 membrane together with the prepared Pt-RuO x anodes and a Pt cathode (from E-TEK), in order to compare the catalytic activity of the materials prepared by different methods. The stability studies demonstrated that the catalyst whose resin/carbon support mixture was agitated in a balls mill before undergoing heat-treatment was more stable than the other prepared catalysts. The catalysts synthesized with the single resin consisting of Pt and Ru and subjected to ultrasound before heat-treatment furnished the highest power density in the single fuel cell.
0.7 ) O 2 were studied as a function of the annealing temperature using different conditions in order to perform the cooling process of the oxide films (conventional thermal shock and the slow cooling processes). It was found that surface and electrochemical properties for the oxygen evolution reaction are both affected through the cooling process, being the electrode prepared at 400 o C using the slow cooling process the less susceptible to wear. The Tafel slope obtained in the high overpotential domain was analysed in light of the apparent charge transfer coefficient.Keywords: slow cooling treatment; morphology factor; apparent charge transfer coefficient. INTRODUÇÃOO sistema eletródico binário Ti/(Ru+Ti)O 2 constitui um dos principais tipos de anodos dimensionalmente estáveis, ADE.1-4 Além da produção de cloro, 5 os ADE também podem ser utilizados em diferentes processos, como é o caso da remoção de poluentes orgânicos recalcitrantes presentes em efluentes aquosos. 6Diferentes métodos já foram propostos para o preparo de eletrodos do tipo ADE. [7][8][9] No entanto, se verifica que o método mais utilizado nos processos industriais é baseado no preparo de ADE policristalinos mediante a decomposição térmica da mistura dos sais precursores sobre o suporte metálico rugoso.1-4 Estudos revelam que a temperatura de decomposição (calcinação) da mistura precursora deve ser suficientemente alta para se obter a formação do filme de óxidos sem, no entanto, comprometer as propriedades mecânicas e elétricas do substrato metálico. 1,[10][11][12][13] Estudos revelam que a origem da influência do ADE sobre a velocidade dos processos eletródicos está relacionada com a presença de efeitos eletrocatalíticos verdadeiros (redução na barreira de ativação para o processo de transferência eletrônica) e aparentes, devida à influência da extensão da área eletroquimicamente ativa na eletrocatálise heterogênea. 11-16A influência da temperatura de calcinação sobre as propriedades superficiais e eletroquímicas de eletrodos do tipo ADE já foi relatada para diferentes sistemas binários e ternários. [15][16][17] No entanto, se verifica nestes casos que o processo adotado na etapa de resfriamento dos filmes é o choque térmico baseado na remoção abrupta dos filmes do forno utilizado no processo de calcinação.A influência do processo de resfriamento lento sobre as propriedades superficiais e eletrocatalíticas de sistemas binários (IrO 2 +Ta 2 O 5 e IrO 2 +Nb 2 O 5 ) foi investigada com base nas reações de desprendimento de oxigênio e ozônio, 14,18 onde se verificou que o processo de resfriamento lento pode modificar de forma considerável estas propriedades, bem como o tempo de vida útil dos eletrodos.No presente artigo relata-se o estudo comparativo das propriedades superficiais e eletroquímicas de eletrodos do tipo ADE de composição nominal Ti/(Ru 0,3 Ti 0,7 )O 2 preparados por decomposição térmica em diferentes temperaturas, onde foram empregados os processos de resfriamento rápido (choque térmico) e lento. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL Preparo dos eletro...
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