The town of San Carlos, highly affected by the Colombian conflict, is often presented as an example of a successful domestic reparations process. Yet not all victims agree with this assessment. A significant number of marginalised adolescents feel that their voices and realities are not reflected in the reparations programme provided by the 2011 Victims’ Law. While the programme promises to transform lives, it does little to change the lives of young people at the margins. This article compares and contrasts the legal framework on reparations for underaged victims with insights drawn from ethnographic research with these youths. The situation of these young people signals that transformative reparations are not working as they should. We argue that this failure is due to the mismatch between the conceptualisation of ‘vulnerable child-victims’ in the text of the law and these youths’ nuanced identities. Using intersectionality, we propose an alternative way forward.
The relation between being out of school and participating in criminal economies is widely documented in the literature on youth delinquency. However, the complex connection between these two phenomena has not yet been fully unpacked. This paper draws from two studies that we, the authors, conducted separately to explore the role educational experiences play in shaping the delinquent trajectories of male youth who participate in the drug business in urban centers located in Mexico and Colombia. The first consists of in-depth interviews and surveys conducted in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, while the second is based on long-term ethnographic engagement in Medellín, Colombia. We provide unique insights into the educational experiences of this hard-to-reach population and find that economic hardship does not wholly explain why these young people leave school and engage in delinquent activities. These youth do not "drop out" of school in search of money; rather, they are "pushed out" by a vicious cycle of stigmatization, segregation, punishment, and exclusion. By exploring these dynamics in two cities that have waged long drug wars, this article furthers understanding of the nexus between crime-related violence and educational experiences, thus making an important contribution to the field of education in emergencies.
La relación entre la inasistencia a la escuela y la participación en economías delictivas está ampliamente documentada en la literatura sobre la delincuencia juvenil. Sin embargo, la compleja conexión entre estos dos fenómenos aún no se ha esclarecido por completo. Este trabajo se basa en dos estudios que nosotras, las autoras, hemos llevado a cabo por separado en donde se explora el papel que juegan las experiencias educativas en la formación de las trayectorias delictivas de hombres jóvenes y adolescentes que participan en el negocio de las drogas en los centros urbanos ubicados en México y Colombia. El primer estudio consiste en entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas realizadas en Ciudad Juárez (México), mientras que el segundo se basa en un trabajo etnográfico de largo plazo en Medellín (Colombia). En este artículo proporcionamos una visión única de las experiencias educativas de esta población de difícil acceso y descubrimos que las dificultades económicas no explican del todo por qué estos jóvenes dejan la escuela y se dedican a actividades delictivas. Estos jóvenes no "abandonan" la escuela en busca de dinero, sino que son "expulsados" por un círculo vicioso de estigmatización, segregación, castigo y exclusión. Al explorar estas dinámicas en dos ciudades que han visto prolongadas guerras contra las drogas, este artículo promueve una comprensión más matizada del nexo entre la violencia relacionada con el delito y las experiencias educativas, haciendo así una importante contribución al área de la educación en emergencias (EeE).
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