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The image shows a left atrium completely occupied by a giant non-homogeneous, irregularly-surfaced mass, obstructing the disc motion, mimicking severe mitral prosthetic stenosis. Keywords Echocardiography Á Thrombus Á Left atriumA 78-year-old man with a history of permanent atrial fibrillation and a mitral valve replacement (a 29 mm St Jude mechanical valve) for rheumatic disease 10 years before, was admitted by an acute cardioembolic coronary syndrome without ST elevation. Although he was treated with acenocoumarol his target index normalised ratio was not achieved. The transthoracic echocardiography showed that the mitral valve area measured by the pressure half time method was 0.9 cm 2 . The transvalvular gradient through the prosthesis was 10 mmHg. Because of the poor acoustic window, a transesophageal echocardiography was performed. The left atrium was completely occupied by a giant non-homogeneous, irregularly-surfaced mass (Fig. 1) which was obstructing the disc motion, mimicking severe mitral prosthetic stenosis (video 1). He was scheduled for cardiac surgery. A huge thrombus was removed but unfortunately he died during the surgery. Conflict of interest None.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10554-013-0299-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Permanent pacemaker implantation is required in a large number of transplantation patients principally because of sinus node dysfunction of the donor atrium. The most suitable mode of pacing in these cases is still subject to controversy. We describe one case of a single lead system of VDD stimulation and sensing of the recipient atrial signal in a 32-year-old patient with posttransplant symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Physiological adaptation of rate was achieved with recovery of normal receptor sinus node function.

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