Purpose of Study: In this paper, institutions of agreements (mediation) in criminal proceedings in various states were investigated regarding the history of their occurrence and development. The aspects under the study included features related to the use of institutions of agreement in individual countries (USA, Canada, Germany, Russia, Moldova, etc.); the regulatory framework of these countries, statistics on the use of institutions of agreements (mediation), as well as programs used as mediation. Methodology: In the present study, general scientific, as well as special methods and provisions of dialectics were used. In the course of the study, private scientific methods were also used including historical-legal, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic, and comparative. Results: Currently, the new legal institution of agreement (mediation) is actively developing in the global legal system, contributing to resolving the conflict without holding a trial and just by holding peace negotiations and concluding an agreement with the accused. This institution was initially established in countries with the Anglo-Saxon legal system (USA, UK), and then was developed in countries with a continental legal system (RF, Moldavia, Kazakhstan). Implications/Applications: The mediation is considered to be a convenient approach for resolving conflicts, since it is built on the mutual agreement of two confrontational parties, and it will continue to further develop worldwide and will be included in the legislation of those countries where it has not been fixed yet.

Based on a meaningful analysis of international legal act provisions and criminal legislation of foreign states, the article presents the approaches to the terminological characterization of the concept of "extremism" and its legislative regulation. The conclusion is made about the lack of a united strategy to the definition of the studied theory, which complicates international relations and collaboration in the realm of countering extremist crimes. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of extremist crimes in foreign countries allows us to identify common features and trends in the development of legal responsibility for extremism in foreign countries, to establish differences in the legal regulation of this problem, and to develop approaches to the unification of this concept at the level of international legislation.

In this article, through the comparative legal analysis of domestic, as well as foreign constitutional and criminal law norm content, various approaches to the principle of legality and its main features were examined. The authors have studied various ways of this principle criminal legal regulation and the problems that arise in this regard. It was concluded that the principle of legality has a different degree of certainty in the criminal legislation of different countries. This creates the conditions conducive to the making of unlawful judicial decisions that undermine the authority of national courts and compel people to apply for protection to supranational courts.

The article presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of the institute of pre-trial cooperation agreements in the criminal procedure legislation of foreign states. It is concluded that the specifics of the conclusion of this agreement and its subsequent implementation depend on the type of legal system and the nature of national criminal procedure legislation of each country. By its nature, the Russian institute of pre-trial cooperation agreement is similar to a number of conciliation procedures of the continental legal system, but it has distinctive features due to the peculiarities of domestic legislation.

The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.