Описаны синтез и свойства новых полусинтетических производных гликопептидного антибиотика эремомицина (2)-катионных липоамидов эремомицина (6a-e), а также пиколиламидов эремомицина (6f-h). Новые гликопептиды были получены трансформацией карбокcильной группы эремомицина в карбоксамидную с использованием пиколиламинов и их соответствующих производных в присутствии PyBOP в качестве конденсирующего агента в ДМСО. Строение всех пиколиламидов эремомицина было подтверждено массспектрометрией высокого разрешения (HRMS ESI), а чистота и индивидуальность полученных образцовметодом ВЭЖХ. Кроме того, структура соединения 6e подтверждена 1 H ЯМР спектрами. Исходные для получения пиколиламидов 6a-e кватернизованные пиколиламины 5a-e получены по трехстадийной схеме, включающей защиту аминогруппы, алкилирование гетероцикла и удаление защитной Boc-группы. Структура кватернизованных пиколиламинов 5a-e доказана совокупностью данных 1 H и 13 C ЯМР спектров, а также масс-спектров высокого разрешения (HRMS ESI). Исследование антибактериальных свойств показало, что пиколиламиды эремомицина обладают существенно большей активностью в отношении чувствительных к гликопептидам штаммов грамположительных патогенов по сравнению с исходным эремомицином, а также «золотым стандартом»-ванкомицином. Кватернизация пиридинового фрагмента длинноцепочечными алкилами приводит к увеличению активности производных 6a-e в отношении резистентных к гликопептидам штаммов, но сопровождается снижением активности в отношении чувствительных.
After decades, the glycopeptide vancomycin is still the preferred antibiotic against resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. Although its clinical use is strictly regulated, the gradual spread of vancomycin-resistant bacteria, such as glycopeptide-resistant and glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., is a serious health problem. Based on the literature data and previous studies, our main goal was to assess the antimicrobial potential and to study the structure–activity relationship of new eremomycin aminoalkylamides. We designed and synthesized a series of new eremomycin amides in which eremomycin is conjugated with a hydrophobic arylalkyl group via an alkylenediamine spacer, and tested their antibacterial activities on a panel of Gram-positive strains that were sensitive and resistant to a “gold-standard” vancomycin. Based on the data obtained, the structure–activity relationships were investigated, and a lead compound was selected for in-depth testing. Research carried out using an in vivo model of staphylococcus sepsis, acute toxicity studies, and the estimated therapeutic index also showed the advantage of the selected eremomycin amide derivative in particular, as well as the chosen direction in general.
Glycopeptide antibiotics have side effects that limit their clinical use. In view of this, the development of glycopeptides with improved chemotherapeutic properties remains the main direction in the search for new antibacterial drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological characteristics of new semi-synthetic glycopeptide flavancin. Acute and chronic toxicity of antibiotic was evaluated in Wistar rats. The medium lethal dose (LD50) and the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) were calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. In the chronic toxicity study, the treatment regimen consisted of 15 daily intraperitoneal injections using two dosage levels: 6 and 10 mg/kg/day. Total doses were equivalent to MTD or LD50 of flavancin, respectively. The study included assessment of the body weight, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, urinalysis, and pathomorphological evaluation of the internal organs. The results of the study demonstrated that no clinical-laboratory signs of toxicity were found after 15 daily injections of flavancin at a total dose close to the MTD or LD50. The pathomorphological study did not reveal any lesions on the organ structure of animals after low-dose administration of flavancin. Thus, flavancin favorably differs in terms of toxicological properties from the glycopeptides currently used in the clinic.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.