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A hypothesis of the possibility of natural immunity to evolutionary atavistic endotoxin in chemical carcinogenesis is proposed. Age-dependent stimulation of IgM class natural specific antibodies to the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis 415 (IgMNAE) was confirmed in the blood of normal adult rats. This phenomenon was also revealed in human population. Simultaneously, the suppression and subsequent stimulation of natural immunity to endotoxin under the effect of carcinogenic substances such as benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and metylcholanthrene (MCh) were determined in rats.At first, the primary age-related and the secondary carcinogen-induced enhancement of IgMNAE was explained as the compensatory reactions of the organism's immune system. Later on, within the evolutionary resistance theory of the origin of cancer, based on the general biological laws (resistance to damage and atavism), which was formulated by the author in 2002-2005, another immunological IgMNAE enhancement mechanism was elucidated and explained by the possible activation of the dormant lipopolysaccharide molecules (atavistic endotoxin) alongside evolutionary resistance-related genes and oncogenes according to the inherited programme. All these mechanisms are transmitted from bacteria to mammal cells and possibly have an immense power to drive and control the process of carcinogenesis. It is the activation of these genes and their functions that helps the newly formed tumorous cells to revive the parasitic features in their unlimited division, invasiveness and metastatic growth. Its essence is a specific evolutionary response intended for the survival of damaged cells. Therefore, at present, there is a new oncological strategy problem -production of endotoxin-based vaccines and their application in cancer prophylaxis. IgMNAE can be undoubtedly helpful in elaborating new immunotherapeutic and diagnostic methods.Key words: BP and MCh, evolutionary atavistic and bacterial endotoxin, endotoxin-based vaccines, IgMNAE, resistance to damage, atavism and endogenous parasitism of cancer cells 8 E. Moncevičiūtė-Eringienė

Environmental pollution and consumption of alcohol evoke various immunomodulations promoting the progress of different pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption intensity on the immune system functions of humans living in ecologically different regions, i.e. in a district polluted with industrial siftings (Trakai, n = 270) and in a relatively clean district (Sirvintos, n = 250). In the Trakai cohort 96% and in Sirvintos group 89% of persons consumed alcohol. With regard to alcohol consumption habits the immunohaematological indices were investigated in the following four groups: abstinents, light alcohol users, moderate alcohol users and alcohol abusers. We determined the compensatory mechanisms of immune system functions of moderate alcohol users and alcohol abusers in comparison with abstinents in the relatively clean Sirvintos district. In the Trakai district polluted with industrial siftings such compensatory reactions where not found. Thus, damage to the immune system functions is not only an endogenous risk factor for many diseases, but also an indicator of organism injury. This investigation stated, that immunity disturbance in humans depends on alcohol consumption intensity and place of residence.