The growth in popularity of on-demand content consumption, boosted by large global agents such as Netflix, Amazon and HBO, has brought audience fragmentation even further. Exponential growth in the content available to users (which reduces viewer concentration based on a limited selection), its commercialisation through a subscription-based business model (removing advertising from content) and the boom in consumption on different receivers, many of them mobile or outside the home (thus complicating people meter monitoring), has generated a new ecosystem where success can no longer be assessed using traditional audience measurement systems. This article discusses audience behaviour in streaming platforms and the new dimensions used to measure the success of a television series, above and beyond data provided by television audience measurement (TAM) techniques. From this analysis, the article reviews the transformation in the concept of popularity and how new audience indicators affect the structure of the content distribution medium, which adds further dimensions (engagement, customer retention, talent acquisition, new subscriptions and branding, among others) to more traditional elements (advertisers and international sales). Finally, we examine whether a single concept of audience, valid for all consumption models and audiovisual operations, can be established. Money heist is used as a case study, as it provides a good example of two ways of understanding audience: one linked to its commercial success in the Antena 3 Televisión channel’s scheduled programming and the other arising from its inclusion on Netflix, the platform that gave it worldwide popularity. Resumen La popularización del consumo de contenidos bajo demanda, impulsado por los grandes agentes globales como Netflix, Amazon o HBO, ha provocado una importante disrupción en los hábitos de consumo y ha intensificado el fenómeno de la fragmentación de audiencias. El gran aumento de contenido ofrecido al usuario (que reduce la concentración de espectadores a una selección limitada), su explotación dentro del modelo económico de la suscripción (que elimina la cotización publicitaria del espacio) y la multiplicación de consumos en distintos horarios y a través de distintos receptores, muchos de ellos móviles y fuera del hogar (lo que complica su monitorización), ha generado un nuevo ecosistema. Dentro del mismo, el éxito ya no se puede evaluar en base a los indicadores de la audimetría tradicional. En el presente artículo se aborda cómo se comporta la audiencia en el consumo de contenidos en plataformas de streaming y las nuevas dimensiones con las que se evalúa el éxito de una serie televisiva más allá de los datos que ofrecen las técnicas de medición de audiencias (TAM). Se repasa la transformación del concepto de popularidad y el impacto en el medio que distribuye el contenido de estos nuevos indicadores de audiencia, que añaden a los elementos tradicionales (anunciantes y ventas internacionales) nuevas dimensiones (engagement, retención de clientes, captación de talento, nuevas altas, branding, etc.). El estudio se integra en un marco de investigación más amplio que avanza en la construcción de un nuevo concepto de audiencia en el consumo de video bajo demanda en modelo de suscripción (tomando Netflix como referencia, dada su cuota de mercado) y reflexiona sobre si es posible un concepto de audiencia único aplicable a todos los modelos de consumo y explotación audiovisual bajo demanda. La casa de papel se ha tomado como estudio de caso, ya que es un buen ejemplo de estas dos maneras de entender la audiencia: la vinculada a su recorrido comercial de éxito en la parrilla de Antena 3 y la derivada de su incorporación a Netflix, plataforma donde se popularizó globalmente.
Netflix non-English-language TV shows finding audiences beyond their country of origin is a significant change driven by the company, affecting both the production and distribution sectors as well as the audiovisual culture of Western viewers, who increasingly appreciate diverse audiovisual traditions. This investigation confirms a notable share of foreign product viewership by service users. Between June 2021 and December 2022, non-English TV shows accounted for 38% of the most popular Netflix TV rank in terms of accumulated viewing hours, reaching an average of more than 53 countries worldwide. This outcome results from two primary factors. The first is the company’s business logic based on big data, content indexing, and user monitoring. The second is the global popularity of local non-English speaking content, which is also the consequence of diverse actions taken by the company in project development, audience prototyping, distribution, language, marketing, recommendation algorithms, and social conversation, both locally and globally. This research focuses on Netflix’s glocal strategy as a case study and draws on direct interviews with company employees, audience data from its Netflix Top 10 website, specialized publications, and academic literature.
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