Although significant efforts were devoted to improving the properties of conductive polymers, the effects of solvent and supporting electrolytes on the morphology and electrochromic features of electropolymerized materials have been scantly investigated. In this work, the effects of the polymerization conditions, such as the solvents and supporting electrolytes, on the morphological structure and electrochromic properties of PEDOT films were systematically studied. Surprisingly, we find a very significant solvent effect and a small supporting electrolyte effect. We show that morphological properties also strongly correlate with electrochromic properties. Films prepared in propylene carbonate have a smoother structure than those prepared in acetonitrile and this leads to superior electrochromic properties, such as an exceptionally high contrast ratio (71%), transparency in the doped state (80%), and coloration efficiency (193 cm 2 /C) for the films prepared in propylene carbonate. Significant differences between propylene carbonate and acetonitrile were explained by different solubilities of EDOT oligomers produced during initial stages of electropolymerization in these solvents.

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Aroma significantly contributes to flavor, which directly affects the commercial quality of strawberries. The strawberry aroma is complex as many kinds of volatile compounds are found in strawberries. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the constituents and of the biosynthesis of strawberry volatile compounds, and the effect of postharvest treatments on aroma profiles. The characteristic strawberry volatile compounds consist of furanones, such as 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone and 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone; esters, including ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate, and methyl hexanoate; sulfur compounds such as methanethiol, and terpenoids including linalool and nerolidol. As for postharvest treatment, the present review discusses the overview of aroma volatiles in response to temperature, atmosphere, and exogenous hormones, as well as other treatments including ozone, edible coating, and ultraviolet radiation. The future prospects for strawberry volatile biosynthesis and metabolism are also presented. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

The reactivity of the "long arm" PCN-type pincer ligand C 6 H 4 [CH 2 P(tBu) 2 ](CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 (1), which forms complexes bearing a six-membered amine chelate and a five-membered phosphine chelate, was compared with that of the new "normal" PCN ligand C 6 H 4 [CH 2 P-(tBu) 2 ](CH 2 )N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 (2), which leads to formation of complexes bearing two fivemembered chelates. The chloride complexes (PCN)PtCl (3, 4) and the unsaturated cationic complexes [(PCN)Pt] + X -(X ) BF 4 , OTf) (5, 6, 7), based on both PCN ligands, were prepared and reacted with different reagents to give aqua, [(PCN-1)Pt(H 2 O)] + BF 4 -(10); hydroxo, (PCN-1)Pt(OH) (11); carbonyl [(PCN)Pt(CO)] + BF 4 -(8, 9); and hydride, (PCN-1)PtH (16) complexes. The structures of complexes 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 12 were determined by X-ray crystallography. When both carbonyl complexes were treated with hydrogen gas, the "long arm" PCN-1-based complex 8 led to formation of a trimeric cluster, [C 6 H 6 [CH 2 P(tBu) 2 ]-(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 Pt(CO)] 3 (12), while the "normal" PCN-based complex 9 remained unchanged under the same conditions. This observation clearly demonstrates the very significant effect of the amine arm length (five-vs six-membered chelate) on the hemilability of the ligand and the reactivity of the corresponding complexes.