кафедра бухгалтерского учета, анализа и аудита, Мордовск. гос. ун-т. им. Н.П. Огарева, ул. Полежаева, 44, корпус 29, г. Саранск, 430000 Россия Реферат. В статье рассматривается развитие сферы малого предпринимательства как одного из факторов инновационного развития страны и улучшения отраслевой структуры экономики. Стратегия направлена на создание конкурентоспособной, гибкой и адаптивной экономики, которая обеспечивает высокий уровень индивидуализации товаров и услуг, высокую скорость технологического обновления и стабильную занятость. Реализация стратегии развития предприятий малого и среднего производства разделена на 3 этапа: 2016-2018 гг., 2019-2025 гг. и 2026-2030 гг., каждый из которых имеет свои задачи. На первом этапе поставлена задача обновления всех инструментов государственной поддержки предприятий малого бизнеса. Второй этап запрограммирован на создание новых рыночных ниш и обеспечение устойчивой динамики субъектов малого предпринимательства. Третий этап нацелен обеспечить лидерство в отдельных отраслях деятельности на мировом уровне, в соответствии с долгосрочными научно-технологическими приоритетами России. Сектор малого предпринимательства сосредоточен в основном в сферах торговли и предоставления услуг населению. Для реализации стратегии правительством были разработаны целевые индикаторы: увеличение в 2,5 раза оборота малого предпринимательства по отношению к 2014 году; увеличение в 2 раза оборота на одного работника в секторе малого предпринимательства по отношению к 2014 году; увеличение доли обрабатывающей промышленности в обороте малого предпринимательства с 11,8 до 20%; увеличение доли занятых на субъектах малого предпринимательства в общей численности занятого населения с 25 до 35%. Стратегия развития малого предпринимательства в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 г. призвана снизить давление государственных и налоговых органов на субъекты малого предпринимательства, расширить программ субсидирования, увеличить финансовые ресурсы и обеспечить предприятия малого бизнеса квалифицированными кадрами что, несомненно, положительно отразится на экономике всех регионов и страны в целом. Ключевые слова: малое предпринимательство, развитие предпринимательства, малый бизнес, развитие экономики

The object of this research is the reflection in Siberian press of the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries of civil educational initiatives in Eastern Siberia. In this time, local press created the image of Siberian reality, and actively formed public opinion on the new sociocultural phenomena. The subject of this research is the public educational initiatives in the sphere of culture of Eastern Siberia on the pages of Siberian newspapers in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries. The goal consists in determination of substantive components that frame public opinion on the implementation of educational initiatives in the sphere of culture. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that periodical press contributed not only to information awareness, but also to mobilization of intelligentsia to resolve topical issues of education. Historiography is based on the newspaper materials, published and archival materials. Newspapers of liberal trend enjoyed most popularity, since they not only reflected the modernization processes in the sphere of culture, but also framed public opinion. The author outlines several themes that became thematic dominants based on the frequency of mentioning: the urgent need for Eastern Siberia (in the context of absence of Zemstvo) to show public and private initiative in the sphere of culture and its reliance on the number of educated people; characteristics of government policy; role of officialdom; discreteness of public initiatives and its factors; higher purpose of educational institutions; need for active innovative leader; need for systematic and coordinated work of various voluntary organizations in the sphere of culture. According to the press,  successful realization of civil sociocultural initiatives required the presence of several factors; each of them to a greater or lesser degree determined the consolidation of innovations in sociocultural environment and dynamics in the development of civil initiatives in the sphere of culture.

The object of this research is the everyday life of Trans-Baikal Region during the military-political conflict. The official name of the conflict was “Military Campaign in China 1900-1901”, but in common practice it was called “Chinese complications” and “danger on the borders”. The subject of this research is mobilization in everyday life of the population of Trans-Baikal Region during the period of “Chinese complications” (1900-1901). The author examines the impact of mobilization upon life of the population, which behavioral strategies and psychological reactions were prevalent, assessments of the population regarding the causes of the conflict and its consequences for Trans-Baikal region, what and what language was used to describe it. In the analysis of newspaper materials, the article employed the methods of determining semantic-lexical elements; considered the methodological ideas of studying everyday life as a correlation between power strategies and tactics of everyday life. It was established that the population identified mobilization with uncontrolled natural disasters and catastrophic events, such as crop setback, floods, and large-scale epizootics. Mobilization alongside the Russia-China conflict overall, did not entail a surge of anti-Chinese sentiments, although incited xenophobia. The author explores the main issues of everyday life determined by mobilization and measures taken by the regional authorities aimed at ensuring security of the border areas and preventing famine. Analysis is conducted on the ideological and informational role of the church. The Trans-Baikal Church led the charity work, and all priests were authorized to accept donations.

The article considers the implementation of the policy of charity of families of mobilized in Selenga county; forms and rates of organization of urban and rural guardianship; creation, basic principles and forms of charitable activities of the Selenga County Commission of the regional Zabaikalsky Department of the Committee of Elizaveta Fyodorovna. The total number of charitable and Trustee associations was revealed. The main trends of social care after February 1917 are defined.

This article is dedicated to examination of public participation in the formation and development of extracurricular education of children in Eastern Siberia. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the importance of public sociocultural initiatives in modern Russia. The author highlights the key vectors of public innovation sociocultural activity, which included environmental education, organization of reading events and libraries for children, staging of performances, literary and musical mornings, physical education and play activities. Within the framework of these directions, the author determines their popularity, dynamics and interpretation of goals by the actors of sociocultural activity. Extracurricular education was intended for all population groups, and opened new dimensions for social interaction not only for children, but for parents as well. The research is based on the comparative methodology, and methodological ideas of V. A. Glazychev on the interpretation of city as a sociocultural phenomenon and the ability of urban community to create and maintain the conditions for its development through the efforts of all residents with the leading role of mobile innovation minority. In Eastern Siberia, the development of extracurricular educational work generally corresponded with the nationwide, but at a slower pace and smaller scale. The conclusion is made that in the provincial cities, the intelligentsia led moderate, although considerable activity on the development of applied problems of pedagogy, orienting towards the needs of a child. Overall, innovation social activity expanded the “geography of childhood” of the children involved. The public initiative filled the gap in the state system of extracurricular education and evolved to the creation of multifunctional recreation and educational centers for children.