Background: Resistance to activated protein C (aPC) is usually linked to factor V Leiden, but may occur in other disorders associated with hypercoagulability. In this study, we investigated the frequency of resistance to aPC in patients with advanced cancer and examined the relationship of aPC resistance to other markers of coagulation activation. Methods: Patients (n = 39) had an established diagnosis of advanced cancer; controls (n = 20) were healthy persons. aPC resistance was measured as the ratio of activated partial thromboplastin times with and without aPC (aPC-sensitivity ratio, aPC-SR). The factor V Leiden mutation was detected by a polymerase-chain-reaction based technique. Other assays were performed by standard laboratory methods. Data were analyzed using t tests and the Pearson correlation. Results: aPC-SR was below 2 SD for 5 of the cancer patients (13%), but none of the controls; only 1 of the 5 had the factor V Leiden mutation. aPC-SR was inversely correlated (p < 0.01) with factor VIII and fibrinogen in patients and with prothrombin activation fragment 1.2 (F1.2) in controls. Patient factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, (vWF), fibrinogen, F1.2 and D dimer were all significantly increased (p < 0.01); antithrombin III, protein C and proteins were similar to controls. Factor VIII correlated with vWF (p < 0.001) and F1.2 with d-dimer (p < 0.001). Other associations (p < 0.05) were observed between factor V and protein C, fibrinogen and protein C, factor V and antithrombin III and protein C and antithrombin III. Four cancer patients had a history of thromboembolism; their aPC-SR was similar to that of patients without thrombosis. Of the several coagulation measures examined, only vWF was higher in the patients with thrombosis (p = 0.01). Interpretation: Cancer patients have evidence of intravascular coagulation and increases in procoagulants and may have aPC resistance. The aPC resistance is not due to factor V Leiden, but is rather associated with elevated levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen, and in itself does not predict thrombosis.

Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН, Москва Агент-ориентированная модель как инструмент регулирования экологии региона Аннотация. Для создания комплексной системы экологического регулирования, побуждающей экономических акторов снижать выбросы загрязняющих веществ в окружающую среду, необходимо использовать инструменты предварительной оценки эффектов от реализации планируемых мер. Одним из таких инструментов может стать агент-ориентированная социо-эколого-экономическая модель региона. В разработанной авторами модели присутствуют популяции агентов-людей и агентов-предприятий. Каждый агент-человек участвует в демографических процессах и вносит свой вклад в производственную деятельность агентов-предприятий. А каждый агент-предприятие, кроме продукции, производит также выбросы в атмосферу и в водные объекты. Все виды загрязнений суммарно воздействуют на экологию региона, что влияет на показатели здоровья и смертности агентов-людей. Агенты-предприятия могут сокращать объемы своих выбросов с помощью доступных для них действий в ответ на экологические требования, которые устанавливаются в рамках различных механизмов регулирования выбросов. Пользователь модели в ходе компьютерных экспериментов может изменять параметры действующих механизмов и создавать новые.

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The paper continues the publication started in our journal (2007, no. 1) of the forecasts made in the integrated system "Population, Incomes, Consumption" developed by the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The forecasts cover indicators of social sector financing at different level: macro-level, by population groups, and by family type. The paper shows that expansion of the statistical base and its updating after the population census in 2002 have lead toserious changes in the forecast of the major social policy parameters. Their detailed analysis and conclusions are presented.

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