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This study presents findings on the biological action of an integrated supplement containing the following components involved in osteogenesis and mineralization: vitamin D and silicon in the bioavailable and soluble form. A hypothesis that these components potentiate one another’s action and make calcium absorption by the body more efficient was tested. Biological tests of the effect of vitamin D and silicon chelates on bone fracture healing and bone turnover were conducted using ICR mice and albino Wistar rats. Radiographic and biochemical studies show that the supplement simultaneously containing silicon chelates and vitamin D stimulates bone tissue regeneration upon mechanical defects and accelerates differentiation of osteogenic cells, regeneration of spongy and compact bones, and restoration of bone structure due to activation of osteoblast performance. Bone structure restoration was accompanied by less damage to skeletal bones, apparently due to better absorption of calcium from food. The studied supplement has a similar effect when used to manage physiologically induced decalcification, thus holding potential for the treatment of osteomalacia during pregnancy or occupational diseases (e.g., for managing bone decalcification in astronauts).

The initiation of strawberries into in vitro culture is known to be complicated by the inhibition of organogenesis by phenolic oxidation products. An important role in this process is given to the selection of growth regulators that increase meristematic cell activity and shoot proliferation at the stage of organogenesis induction. The present study aims to obtain a viable apical meristem culture of garden strawberry and to study the effect of different antioxidants (reduced glutathione (RG); a new preparation, i.e., a mechanical composite (MC) on the basis of biogenic silicon and green tea catechins and plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine; thidiazuron) on the initiation of axillary shoot formation in strawberry meristem culture. Terminal buds containing an apical meristem and two leaf primordia isolated from the stolons of two garden strawberry cultivars (Sunny Meadow and Festival Chamomile) were used as primary explants for the initiation of strawberries into in vitro culture. It was found for the first time that the MC exhibits higher antioxidant activity as compared to reduced glutathione, reduces darkening of initial explants, as well as enhancing regeneration up to 13.0% at p ≤ 0.05. Furthermore, the best effect on the formation of microshoots per explant is observed toward the end of material introduction into in vitro culture when combining the MC with growth regulators in the culture medium. Here, the effect of strawberry cultivar on explant regeneration and the number of microshoots per explant are insignificant. It is concluded that the procedure for using the MC as an effective antioxidant during material initiation into the culture can be applied to the large-scale in vitro propagation of garden strawberries. Moreover, the technology for obtaining the MC from plant waste is environmentally friendly, which is a significant advantage for its use in in vitro technologies.

For the first time, organogenesis and physiological characteristics of Fragaria ananassa microclones (cvs. ‘Alpha’ and ‘Solnechnaya polyanka’) under the influence of mechanocomposite (MC) based on rice husks amorphous silica and flavonoids of green tea during the multiplication stage in in vitro conditions were studied. The addition of the MC (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg·L-1) to the Gamborg- Eveleg’s basal salt medium supplemented with 0.75 mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine has shown beneficial action on processes of organogenesis followed by enzymatic, photosynthetic, and hormonal activities of in vitro cultured strawberry plantlets. In both cultivars, the high frequency of proliferation (100 %) and maximum number of axillary shoots increased by 1.8–2.0 times on medium supplemented with 5.0 mg·L-1 MC. The concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg·L-1 MC were optimal for obtaining plantlets with high physiological state in in vitro conditions. The results may be used for the development of production systems for a healthy planting material using biotechnological approaches and recommended for commercial strawberry micropropagation.