The methodological basis of the article lies in the adoption of the position that at the present stage of development of social systems, the uncertainty of social processes loses the quality of emergency and becomes an integral property of everyday life. In this context, studies of the specifics of adaptation of citizens to environmental conditions are of particular relevance. Adaptation is interpreted as the interaction of the individual with the macro-and micro-environment to achieve comfortable well-being, security and stability of external factors as conditions for the implementation of certain personal goals, life strategy in general. The purpose of the analysis undertaken in the article is to identify the type of urban settlements on the basis of the all-Russian monitoring data, the population of which is most vulnerable in situations of social transformations in modern Russia. The analysis is based on the conclusions of previous developments of the authors that one of the most important factors of successful adaptation of the population to social transformations are the resources that are available to different categories of the population. The article reveals the type of urban settlements, the inhabitants of which are characterized by a specific assessment of the quality of the environment and life satisfaction. Residents of cities with a population of 100 thousand to 250 thousand people ("big cities"), unlike other urban settlements, think the microenvironment rather psychologically negative and consider mesic environment – crisis-ridden, with a tendency to increase tension and negative changes and these residents are characterized by a low level of life satisfaction. All this indicates a low level of adaptation of the population of cities of this type to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the crisis. The comparative assessment of material resources of adaptation of the population of these and all other urban settlements showed, first of all, that, that observed in large cities, the average values of indicators of actual material status and its subjective estimates indicate a specific status of material adaptation resources of respondents from this target group, which can be characterized as "once nothing has changed, then it will not change further". Secondly, material adaptation resources are not the key factors determining the lower level of adaptation to the uncertainty of the environment of residents of large cities in comparison with other urban settlements. Apparently, resources of non-material, ideological nature have a more significant differentiating value.

Отношение к ценности жизни как фактор восприятия населением террористической угрозыИнститут социологии Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра РАН ул. Кржижановского, 24/35, корп. 5, г. Москва,

Subjective Safety Assessment as an Indicator of Adaptation to the Risks of Social Change: Methodological and Empirical Justification of the Research Approach

The social context of modernity is characterized by systemic transformations, constant changes, the fundamental feature of which is uncertainty, the fundamental possibility of negative consequences and outcomes of processes, events, phenomena, decisions.Subjective feeling, personal assessment of risk and one's own vulnerability, and, consequently, the degree of security become a factor in designing a strategy for interacting with a risky environment. The identification and selection of adequate methods for measuring factors that are involved in the subjective assessment of risk and vulnerability, the interpretation of the meanings that respondents put into understanding the phenomenon of security, are an interesting scientific problem and a significant task for social practice.The article attempts to demonstrate the complementarity of sociological data obtained by methods of quantitative and qualitative empirical sociology, both at the stage of designing and piloting tools, and when interpreting the results. The discourse is carried out in relation to the currently relevant problem of human security.The empirical section of the article demonstrates the perspective of the approach to measuring the subjective assessment of security in mass surveys through the indicator of sufficiency of the sense of security and the factors associated with it. Thus, a statistically significant relationship of the feeling of security with gender, age, type of settlement, education, with subjectivity, that is, with responsibility for risk, was revealed Nevertheless, there was a clear insufficiency of the semantic component to ensure the reliability of the interpretation of the result obtained, a request for additional information, for which the use of methods of qualitative sociology, working just with the semantic level of consciousness, is indispensable.The result of applying the methods of qualitative sociology (interview, focus discussion) the following typology became established: when responding, respondents correlated their safety assessments mainly with the presence/absence of threats to the physiological state and material and property status of the personal and immediate environment.The positions of comparing personal security assessments with non-material factors are also revealed: with the presence of relatives and friends, with instability and uncertainty that threaten the social and life prospects of one's own and the immediate environment. In the older age group, security is understood as having a strong authority that ensures order.The complementarity of quantitative and qualitative sociological methods increases the reliability and completeness of the interpretation of mass survey data regarding the phenomena and processes under study.

The article presents the features of the adaptation potential of the urban youth as the most successfully adapting to the crisis group of the Russian population. Based on the results of the secondary analysis of empirical data, the author emphasizes the lack of scientific knowledge about the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of the megapolis youth to the social-economic crisis. The article explains the necessity to use a special methodological approach to the study of adaptation of young people to crisis conditions, which takes into account the complex of resources involved in adaptation and social development. Based on the P.S. Kuznetsov’s complex model of social development resources ensuring successful adaptation of the youth, the author conducted empirical interpretation and operationalization of the notion “youth’s adaptation potential” using seven sets of resources: material, self-preservation, regulatory, reproductive, communicative, cognitive and self-realization. Based on the monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, the author identifies the factors for successful adaptation of the Moscow youth to the economic crisis: high family income; search for additional earnings rather than waiting for help from government and public structures; small cash savings; the indirect impact of the crisis and the high assessment of one’s financial situation; high level of readiness to take material, social and financial risks; stability and security in the workplace, the ability to realize one’s skills; high level of communicative resources; high level of education, a broad outlook and motivation for self-education; value orientations that contribute to an active adaptation strategy; positive attitude to achieving life goals. The article presents some recommendations for decision makers in the field of youth policy aimed at strengthening the adaptive potential of the Moscow youth and successful models of adaptation to crisis conditions in everyday practices.