The article raises the relevant problem of the popularity of social democratic values in Russia and the difficulties of their ontologization in the modern political process. The modernization project of Russian statehood needs further theoretical development of the social-democratic idea in relation to Russian conditions. The axiological proximity of the social-democratic ideology to the needs of Russian society is, however, possible with regard to the pluralism of the argumentation of the basic values-freedom, social justice, equality, democracy, solidarity. The axiological pluralism makes Russian specificity acceptable in interpreting the values of social-democracy taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian historical path and the spiritual state of society. The "third way" for modern Russia is real in implementing the transformation of Russian statehood on the basis of the values of democratic socialism (social justice, equality, freedom, solidarity) and the concrete political, historical and cultural dimension of the nature of modern power.

The need to form a new political philosophy is associated with modern challenges and threats that require large-scale ordering of the world of chaos and absurdity, an adequate response to the era of "post-truth" in order to preserve the national identity of peoples, cultures, civilizations, as well as the essential features of the person himself. The instability of international relations caused by the collapse of the bipolar world has given rise to the need to create a more stable polycentric world. Countering terrorism led to the formation of anti-terrorist coalitions at the international level and for a certain time brought the world community together in the fight against a common threat. However, no one expected that the new type of war would become another test for the development of a common strategy of counteraction by mankind, requiring a rethinking of the role of man in modern political processes. Schmitt's "friend-foe" confrontation may acquire a different content in the 21st century, when man himself becomes his own enemy, since the products of his military-political and scientific activities endanger the life of all mankind. Russia's response to new political threats can be the development of a new value role of man in the emerging world order, which is possible on condition of world recognition of the civilizational originality of the Russian historical path, building a dialogue of civilizations, as well as the implementation of three ideologies in the new political dimension - patriotism, socialism, environmentalism.