We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. the data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. the database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change. #A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Data DeSCRiptOR OpeNScientific Data | (2020) 7:47 | https://doi.

Wildfire is regarded as important environmental factor determining the vegetation of the Earth. We analyzed 11 plots at different types of forest affected by fire at the southern boundary of the taiga zone. These differ in structure of the forest stand and herb-shrub layer. Investigated factors included edaphic (moisture, pH, nitrogen) and climatic (light, temperature, continentality) characteristics. Also, projective cover of Epilobium angustifolium L. and undergrowth of secondary growth trees (including forest stand survived after fire influence) were studied. Multivariate data analysis revealed that the rate and character of the vegetation recovery was depended on the ratio of environmental factors and on the species composition of herb-shrub layer. No significant differences were found in Ellenberg’s indicator values between different years of study. All tested forest habitats were distinguished into three main groups: Group I includes broadleaf forests with the forest stand survived after fire influence, Group II includes spruce and birch forests deprived the forest stand due to fire impact, Group III includes more or less dry pine-dominated forests with the forest stand gradually died after fire influence. Two marshy plots have prerequisites to their allocation to a separate group close to the oligotrophic bog forests.

AbstrACt. Cypripedium calceolus is considered as one of the flagship plant species of nature conservation. It is legally protected throughout Eurasia. Due to its wide distribution range, this Eurasian species could be considered as Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered taxon. We performed an analysis of the status for some C. calceolus populations in Central Russia located in the Republic of Mordovia, with emphasis on populations situated in the federal protected areas. The aim of our study was to asses the modern state and the endangerment of C. calceolus populations. The environment conditions and species composition in five habitats with rare species in Mordovia were compared using phytoindication methods. Changes in stage spectrum and total abundance dynamics in C. calceolus populations over 2011-2016 were estimated and compared with available data from other locations within species' range. Reproductive ability of populations from the federal protected area, Mordovia State Nature Reserve, were studied. The results showed that C. calceolus grows in three habitat types that differed in environment conditions and floristic composition. Convallaria majalis was the only species registered in all studied locations, together with C. calceolus. In Central Russia this species occurs in broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed forests. The three populations of C. calceolus within the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park "Smolny" were characterized by the dominance of vegetative individuals in stage spectrum, while generative plants predominated in two other populations located in mixed forests. No correlation between total abundance of individuals and stage spectrum in populations of threatened species has been found over the study period. The population in Mordovia Reserve showed a higher fruit set (36.7% as a mean) than others reported within its range. Continued population monitoring of C. calceolus in Central Russia from different habitat types is suggested. Generalization of jointly obtained demographic, ecological, phytocoenological data will be appropriate in order to develop measures for conservation and management of C. calceolus habitats.

================== ДИСКУССИИ ================== ================== DISCUSSIONS ==================В настоящей работе представлены результаты оценки таксонов, включенных в первый том Красной кни-ги Республики Мордовия, согласно категориям и критериям Красного списка Международного Союза Охраны Природы (МСОП). Помимо категорий Красный список содержит критерии для каждого из 177 оцененных таксонов сосудистых растений, мохообразных и водорослей, охраняемых на территории Ре-спублики Мордовия. Из них 73 таксона являются находящимися на грани полного исчезновения (������ �����-cally Endange�ed), 41 таксон оценен как исчезающие (Endange�ed), 23 таксона -как уязвимые (VU) и категория «Находящийся в состоянии, близком к угрожаемому» (�ea� ���ea�ened) представлена 31 ви� �ea� ���ea�ened) представлена 31 ви� ���ea�ened) представлена 31 ви� ���ea�ened) представлена 31 ви� ) представлена 31 ви-дом. Девять таксонов отнесены к категории «Недостаток данных» (�a�a �e� ��en�) из�за отсутствия не� �a�a �e� ��en�) из�за отсутствия не� �e� ��en�) из�за отсутствия не� �e���en�) из�за отсутствия не� ) из�за отсутствия не-обходимого объема фактического материала для проведения оценки. 59 таксонов первого тома Красной книги Республики Мордовия (35 видов макромицетов и 24 вида лишайников) не были оценены в насто-ящей работе ввиду недостатка данных, необходимых для проведения адекватной оценки. Поэтому они на настоящий момент имеют статус «Неоцененные» (�o� Evalua�ed), но могут быть отнесены к любой из категорий угрозы исчезновения в результате дополнительных иследований и проведения оценки соглас-но категориям и критериям Красного списка МСОП. Настоящая работа является основой для создания Красного списка таксонов Республики Мордовия.Ключевые слова: водоросли, Красная книга, Красный список, Международный союз охраны природы, мохообразные, область обитания, область распространения, сосудистые растения, Республика Мордо-вия, эффект спасения

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