BackgroundIn most cases, lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is accompanied by chondral injury and may initiate gradual degeneration of patellar cartilage, which might be detected with a T2 mapping, a well‐established method for cartilage lesions assessment.PurposeTo examine short‐term consequences of single first‐time LPD in teenagers by T2 mapping of the patellar‐cartilage state.Study TypeProspective.Population95 patients (mean age: 15.1 ± 2.3; male/female: 46/49) with first‐time, complete, traumatic LPD and 51 healthy controls (mean age: 14.7 ± 2.2, male/female: 29/22).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; axial T2 mapping acquired using a 2D turbo spin‐echo sequence.AssessmentMRI examination was conducted 2–4 months after first LPD. T2 values were calculated in manually segmented cartilage area via averaging over three middle level slices in six cartilage regions: deep, intermediate, superficial layers, and medial lateral parts.Statistical TestsANOVA analysis with Tukey's multiple comparison test, one‐vs.‐rest logistic regression analysis. The threshold of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsIn lateral patellar cartilage, a significant increase in T2 values was found in deep and intermediate layers in both patient groups with mild (deep: 34.7 vs. 31.3 msec, intermediate: 38.7 vs. 34.6 msec, effect size = 0.55) and severe (34.8 vs. 31.3 msec, 39.1 vs. 34.6 msec, 0.55) LPD consequences as compared to controls. In the medial facet, only severe cartilage damage showed significant prolongation of T2 times in the deep layer (34.3 vs. 30.7 msec, 0.55). No significant changes in T2 values were found in the lateral superficial layer (P = 0.99), whereas mild chondromalacia resulted in a significant decrease of T2 in the medial superficial layer (41.0 vs. 43.8 msec, 0.55).Data ConclusionThe study revealed substantial difference in T2 changes after LPD between medial and lateral areas of patellar cartilage.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy Stage2

The problem of creating an environmentally friendly biosphere-compatible environment is one of the most acute. Therefore, the paper analyzes the impact of socio-hygienic parameters on the environment. To achieve this goal, the authors carried out a survey, which allowed to determine the impact of the quality of life on the younger generation and, accordingly, on the environment. It is known that the comfort of the climate, height above sea level, eastern longitude and latitude also affect the environmental component. It has been established that nutrition, as a hygienic indicator, is directly related to environmental pollution. Since the food industry is one of the main industries in the Altai Territory. The food industry is directly related to environmental issues as follows. It has been established that among the various factors of socio-economic nature that affect the growth and development of children, the level of average per capita income per family member is of great importance. Which are indicators of the quality of life of the population. And the influence of this population on the components of the environment.

The article deals with forming conscious discipline among students of higher educational institutions, as well as defines the criteria for assessing the development of discipline. The research object of the present work is the process of educating conscious discipline among students of higher educational institutions. The authors used the following methods in the article. Firstly, the analysis of literature sources made it possible to single out the main theories that were taken as the basis for the study. Secondly, the surbey method of conversation allowed the authors to identify the main problems of the relationship between students and teachers, as well as the reasons for the violation of discipline. Thirdly, the authors used the observation method, which helped to determine the relationship and actions of students in the group. This made it possible to more objectively identify the causes of conflicts and develop proposals for their resolution. The authors also studied special methodological literature on improving student discipline, which allowed them to propose measures to increase students’ motivation in the formation of conscious discipline. According to the authors, purposefulness, objectivity and pedagogically expedient actions of teachers, and their communication with students are the leading conditions that ensure the parenting of conscious discipline.

This paper has demonstrated the benefits of segmentation into the deep, intermediate, and superficial layers in analysis of T2 maps of patellar cartilage with chondromalacia. In the deep and intermediate layers, the Т2 values were significantly different in all the patients groups, while the T2 values in the superficial layer did not depend on the disease grade. Compared with the whole cartilage assessment, this approach increased the sensitivity and specificity of chondromalacia staging by 17% and therefore can significantly increase the clinical efficiency of T2 mapping.