Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of YouTube as a learning tool for clinical procedures among third-and fourth-year dental students. Methods: A multiple choice survey was distributed through Qualtrics to thirdand fourth-year dental students at 5 United States dental schools. Questions pertaining to YouTube use were asked related to the following categories: demographic information, general YouTube use, YouTube use as a tool to learn clinical procedures, YouTube video sharing, and validity. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were performed. Results: Data were collected in 2019 and 2020 from 479 third-and fourth-year dental students (overall response rate 28.3%). Respondents ranged in age from under 23 to over age 50. Ninety-five percent of respondents considered YouTube videos on clinical procedures to be a helpful learning tool, and 89% would like for their dental school to post tutorials to YouTube/social media. No statistically significant differences were found between dental institutions; however, a statistically significant difference between third-and fourth-year students did exist regarding the frequency of YouTube use. While the use of YouTube as a learning tool for clinical procedures is high, 36% of students are uncertain about the evidence-base of the videos. Conclusions: As dental students use publicly available resources as adjuncts to the dental curriculum, it is important to analyze the quality of the material accessed. These findings may suggest a need for dental institutions to increase the development of evidence-based instructional videos as a part of their clinical educational curriculums.

Introduction Oral appliance (OA) therapy protrudes the jaw in a more anterior position during sleep to treat obstructive sleep apnea. OA therapy can be used in combination or as an alternative to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Most custom oral devices are fabricated with expensive manufacturing equipment or individually hand-made increasing treatment costs that prevent access to care for patients. Previous studies report concerns of cost-effectiveness of OA therapy and surveys of sleep physicians with cost concerns leading to barriers in prescribing OA therapy. More recent technological advancements in additive technology have allowed low-cost, custom fabrication of digitally designed OA. To date there have been no clinical studies that the authors are aware of that have investigated the feasibility of offering 3D printed custom OA therapy. Methods A novel OA was designed specifically for 3D-printing with additional features to improve clinician efficiency, patient comfort, and patient safety. A review of 3D-printed materials was completed to ensure biocompatibility requirements prior to clinical testing. Approval from the Committee for Protection of Human Subjects of University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston was obtained. Five participants had novel OA digitally designed based on scans of upper and lower teeth in addition to a bite registration recorded using a George Gauge. Participants were surveyed based on comfort of device and safety monitoring. Results Participants found the novel OA generally comfortable. Comfort questions were presented on a scale of 1 – 10, where ten is the highest level of comfort. On average participants found that the novel OA had comfort levels of 9.0 ± 0.77 on gums, 8.2 ± 0.92 on teeth, and 9.8 ± 0.20 of the jaw joints. No major adverse events were reported and the most common minor adverse event reported was increased salivation. Conclusion This pilot study illustrates the clinical feasibility of a novel 3D printed OA. Future studies will further investigate patient outcomes and clinician efficiency during clinical implementation of this novel OA. Though the use of 3D-printing technologies OA therapy has the potential to be offered at lower cost and delivered to the patient in one visit representing a paradigm shift. Support (If Any)