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There are different approaches to reduce the dark current. The ideal but expensive approach is to modify the fabrication process by enhancing the photosensivity of the pixel or reducing the leakage current. However, some circuit and layout techniques reduce or compensate the dark current of standard CMOS processes which is the method considered in this work.In this thesis a multi-branch differential amplifier circuit is proposed to compensate the effect of dark current in CMOS image sensors. In order to obtain a low level sensing application, a T-type switch with low leakage current is used. The new configuration of multiple-input multipleoutput differential amplifier has the advantage of compensating the femto-ampere dark currents of photodiodes. The objective is to improve the sensitivity and the dynamic range of active pixel CMOS image sensors. A prototype is designed and simulated in a standard CMOS 0.18 µm fabrication process from TSMC.

A current-mode image sensor architecture using a linear-logarithmic pixel in order to improve the dynamic range is presented. The pixel cell is based on a 3T active pixel structure with a PMOS readout transistor in the linear region of operation and a PMOS reset transistor that allows for a linear-logarithmic response. An intrascene dynamic range of 90dB is obtained with a pixel fill factor of 37%. The readout circuit is composed of a first-generation current conveyor, a current memory employed as a delta reset sampling unit, a differential amplifier used as an integrator and a dynamic comparator. The pixel response operating mode is determined in the column readout. A signal is sent to the digital processing unit as an indicator to determine the pixel response operating mode in order to allow the proper analog to digital conversion. The image lag effect observed in the pixel output current is removed by the delta reset sampling circuit. Experimental results, obtained from a test structure, are presented. The circuit was fabricated in a CMOS 0.35um process from Austria Microsystems.