IntroductionAnemia is a nutritional problem of global importance. It is estimated that at least one-third of the population has been at one time anemic.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in patients of a children's hospital in Recife.MethodsA cross-sectional study was developed involving 595 male and female children aged from 6 to 59 months old, who were hospitalized in 2007.ResultsChildren with a hemoglobin concentration less than 11 g/dL were considered anemic. The relationship between studied variables and anemia was evaluated by Poisson regression analysis. There was a 56.6% prevalence of anemia (95% CI: 46.6-54.6). Anemia was significantly correlated with low weight (Prevalence ratio - PR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.64), young age (PR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.57-2.56) and a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory disease (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.27-1.96).ConclusionThe high prevalence of anemia suggests that it may contribute as a causal factor for hospitalization, especially because the period of hospitalization was short and the patient was likely to be anemic at the time of admission. This study stresses the importance of evaluating the overall nutritional status of patients, including their ingestion of microelements. This is especially important in children, because of their greater susceptibility to anemia. Measures directed at the prevention and control of anemia, including increased coverage of supplementation and fortification programs are strongly recommended.

A reforma do setor saúde no Brasil contempla como eixo fundamental a democratização dos serviços de saúde através do exercício do controle social sobre o sistema de saúde. Foram desenhados diversos mecanismos de participação nos serviços de saúde. No artigo analisam-se o nível de informação e a utilização pela população dos mecanismos de participação em saúde diretos: Conselhos Municipais de Saúde, Conferências de Saúde, Disque-Saúde e Ouvidoria de Saúde; e um indireto, a Superintendência de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor (Procon). Realizou-se um inquérito populacional, com questionário estruturado, em uma amostra de 1.590 usuários dos serviços de saúde, em dois municípios de Pernambuco. Cerca de metade da população entrevistada afirmava conhecer o Disque Saúde, a Caixa de Queixas e o CMS; os outros mecanismos diretos eram muito menos conhecidos. A maioria dos entrevistados afirmou conhecer o Procon (80%). A finalidade do mecanismo, exceto para o Procon, foi definida de forma vaga ou inexata. A taxa de utilização não superou 5%. Os resultados parecem indicar que houve avanço, embora o desafío continue sendo levar à prática as conquistas no plano legal, começando por melhorar a informação à população.

Magnitude and distribution of Diarrhoea and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children were studied within a larger broader research that focused on health education. Two household surveys were conducted in a sample of families with at least one child under five years of Recife and Olinda in April-May 1992 and 1994. The total number of children studied was 5,436. The estimated adjusted annual incidence rate (AAIR) of diarrhoea was 2.7 episodes per child. The two-week incidence rate of diarrhoea was 10.2% for both years. Risk factors associated with higher incidence of diarrhoea were age (under two years), lack of sanitation facilities, and absence of electrical appliances in the household. Estimated AAIR of ARI was 9. 5 episodes per child. The two-week incidence rate of ARI was 41.0% in 1992 and 32.6% in 1994. Majority of ARIs affected the upper respiratory tract (75.9%). The only factor consistently associated with a higher risk of ARI was age (under three years). Study results indicate that both pathologies are still an important health problem for children under five in Pernambuco. In particular, in the case of diarrhoea the need for improving the access to basic services, such as water supply and sewage system is urgently needed.