Stress echocardiography (SEC) is a technique established more than 35 years ago; however, it is still poorly implemented in many countries and institutions, and this reluctance may be related to many obstacles such as operator skills, lack of awareness or institutional policy. Stress echo was initially used for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD), with respect to myocardial viability, using wall motion response; however, current use of stress echo extends beyond CAD, such as valvular heart disease and diastolic stress test. Dobutamine is a commonly used agent when pharmaceutical approach is implemented. With regard to CAD, there are four stress responses: normal, ischemic, viable and necrotic. A low dose dobutamine protocol is recommended in patients with baseline wall motion abnormalities, and a very low dose dobutamine is used in low flow low gradient aortic stenosis in order to check the flow and contractility reserve. Of note, respecting protocols, indications and contraindications are important to avoid or minimize risks of complications during the procedure. This article presents a focused update and review regarding SEC, along with an overview of the different indications, structures and steps, and obstacles and outcomes; also the article aims to highlight more awareness and sensitization on this useful technique.

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Intrusion detection systems help improve the security of networks by providing early warning and response. To improve the detection of attacks, sharing data among distributed nodes or terminals and collaborating on a decision is key. This paper presents a Distributed and Collaborative Intrusion Detection (DaCID) system that relies on Dempster Shafer theory of evidence for fusing data from multiple nodes. In this approach the detection is done collaboratively and the decision is distributed among all nodes. DaCID is more robust than other systems since it is completely distributed and the decision is made autonomously at each node. Simulation results demonstrated that DaCID's performance approaches that of a centralized method.