Resumo:A disponibilidade e usos da água na região Nordeste do Brasil, particularmente na região semiárida, continuam a ser uma questão importante no que concerne ao seu desenvolvimento. A população sofre com graves problemas acarretados pela escassez de água, que inviabilizam a produção agrícola e, consequentemente, a sobrevivência em condições dignas, gerando situações de fome e miséria. Objetivou-se identificar os efeitos da escassez hídrica na economia do perímetro irrigado de São Gonçalo no município de Sousa, Paraíba no período de 2012 a 2016. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através da aplicação de questionários com prévio consentimento da população entrevistada residente nos três núcleos habitacionais e no distrito de São Gonçalo. Também foram realizadas visitas ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas e à Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba, para coleta de dados sobre a economia do perímetro, informações sobre produção e volumes do açude São Gonçalo. Ocorreram perdas com a produção de banana e, principalmente, de coco; aumentou o desemprego; logo, elevou-se o êxodo rural e a violência com alto índice de assaltos. A vulnerabilidade hídrica desencadeia outras vulnerabilidades: econômicas, sociais e ambientais, condicionando o desenvolvimento das populações do semiárido.Palavras-chave: Água; Impactos; Irrigação; Seca. Abstract:The availability and uses of water in the northeastern region of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region, continue to be an important issue in its development. The population suffers from serious problems caused by water scarcity, which makes agricultural production unviable and, consequently, survival in dignified conditions, generating situations of hunger and misery. The objective was to identify the effects of water scarcity on the economics of the irrigated perimeter of São Gonçalo in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba, between 2012 and 2016. The work was developed through the application of questionnaires with prior consent of the interviewed population residing in the housing nuclei I, II and III and in the district of São Gonçalo. Visits were also made to the National Department of Works Against Drought and to the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Paraíba, to collect data on the perimeter economy, information on production and volumes of the São Gonçalo dam. There were losses with the production of banana and, mainly, of coconut; Increased unemployment; Soon the rural exodus and the violence with a high rate of assaults rose. Water vulnerability triggers other vulnerabilities: economic, social and environmental, conditioning the development of semi-arid populations.

Among several biodegradable coatings used to extend the shelf life of fresh fruits, those that can be obtained from Moringa oleifera stand out due to their extraordinary biochemical, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Another aspect is their constitution which is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and natural bioactive compounds, that can be applied for the development of functional foods due to their nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio-based coating produced from different concentrations of Moringa oleifera seed oil added to cassava starch in the postharvest conservation of Tommy atkins mango fruits. The bio-based coating was applied to mango fruits stored at room temperature (27 °C) for 15 days. Mangoes were submitted to the following treatments: moringa oil (Moringa oleifera) in 4 concentrations: 0.5% (v/v) + cassava starch; 1% (v/v) + cassava starch; 1.5% (v/v) + cassava starch and a control treatment without coating (0%), during 15 days of storage (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days), adding up to 24 treatments with three replications. The application of moringa-oil-based coating prolonged the postharvest shelf life of the Tommy atkins mango by maintaining the physicochemical and physical properties during 12 days of storage at room temperature when compared to control treatment. M. oleifera oil-based coatings delayed the degradation of the pigments, making the bio-coated fruits gain shine and remain with it

<p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by the drought in the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, Paraíba. The study was developed in the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo (PISG), located in the district of São Gonçalo, near the city of Sousa, state of Paraíba. The research design was based on the application of a questionnaire to the settlers of the Perimeter, on site visits and data collection through references in the literature. The Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo had a great reduction in the production of coconut and banana, which represent the main crops explored in the Perimeter. Besides the loss of production, the drought has caused other problems for the producers, such as their impoverishment and indebtedness from loans to banks. There were also major social problems, such as the lack of employment, the increase in the number of assaults and the departure of the settlers’ children to the urban centers and to other states, provoking the rural exodus. Environmental problems have also been verified, such as increased use of pesticides, which cause serious data to soil, water, animals, plants and humans.</p>

<p>A <em>Moringa oleifera</em> é uma planta altamente valorizada, devido a sua composição nutricional, por isso, o conhecimento do valor da sua composição química é de extrema importância. É considerada uma Planta Alimentícia Não Convencional e o potencial de uso dessa categoria de plantas no Brasil ainda é pouco estudado e exige a realização de mais estudos, que podem se tornar ferramentas importantes no estabelecimento de sistemas de produção em bases sustentáveis.  Teve-se como objetivo comparar a composição físico-química das sementes de moringa oriundas de dois estados do Nordeste brasileiro. As sementes utilizadas na pesquisa foram oriundas dos estados da Bahia e Paraíba. No Laboratório de Processamento e Armazenamento de Produtos Agrícolas, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande realizaram-se as análises físico-químicas: teor de água, atividade de água, acidez total titulável, pH, cinzas, proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios. As sementes dos dois estados apresentam baixo teor e atividade de água, e baixa acidez. O pH foi classificado como pouco ácido, a quantidade de cinzas foi superior ao da literatura citada, ambas as sementes contém alto teor proteico.</p>