ABSTRACT:This study attempts to test the effectiveness of a feedback model which combines teacher and peer feedback systematically on improving students' writing ability in the context of a multiple draft writing course. 57 Turkish EFL students participated in the study which lasted for a 15-week semester. The experimental and control groups were provided different feedback treatments and then statistically compared in terms of the revisions they made in their essay drafts and their writing improvement. A total of 1197 essay drafts, were coded and compared for three types of revisions: content, organization and form. In order to collect data on students' attitudes towards writing and feedback, students were given a questionnaire and asked to write reflections about their writing process. Çalışmanın sonuçları göstermiştir ki, geleneksel öğretmen dönütü modeli genel anlamda daha fazla düzeltme yapılmasını sağlarken, iki farklı dönüt uygulaması düzeltme kalitesi ve yazma becerisi gelişmesinde istatistiksel açıdan farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmamıştır. The results of the study revealed that while the traditional teacher feedback model created more revisions, the two different feedback models did not create statistically meaningful differences in terms of number of revisions and writing quality. However, the combined peer-teacher feedback model was found to be more successful in creating more positive attitudes towards peer feedback and self-revision. In terms of attitudes towards the difficulty of writing activity, on the other hand, important differences were not detected. Based on these results, suggestions have been made about the design and application of feedback activities in the writing class. Keywords: Peer feedback, teacher feedback, revision, drafting, L2 writing ÖZ: Bu çalışma öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin dönüt verme sorumluluğunu sistemli olarak paylaştıkları bir akran ve öğretmen dayanışmalı dönüt modeli geliştirerek bu modelin etkinliğini süreç yaklaşımı izlenen ve çok sayıda taslak yazımına dayalı bir yazma dersi kapsamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 15 haftalık bir yarıyılı kapsayan çalışmaya 57 Türk İngilizce yabancı dil öğrencisi katılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına farklı dönüt uygulamaları sağlanmış ve gruplar makale taslaklarında yaptıkları düzeltmeler ve yazma gelişimleri açılarından istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmışlardır. Toplamda 1197 makale taslağı içerik, düzenleme ve yapı olmak üzere üç farklı düzeltme türü için kodlanmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazmaya ve dönüte karşı tutumları hakkında veri toplamak için öğrencilere bir anket uygulanmış ve yazma süreçleri hakkında düşüncelerini yazmaları istenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları göstermiştir ki, geleneksel öğretmen dönütü modeli daha fazla düzeltme yapılmasını sağlarken, iki farklı dönüt uygulaması düzeltme sayısı ve yazma becerisi gelişmesinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklar ortaya çıkarmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, akran ve öğrenci dayanışmalı dönüt modeli, öğrencilerde akran dönütü ve kendini düzeltme konularında...

As one of the productive skills, writing is among the most challenging for language learners. Increased opportunities for study in European universities through Erasmus programs and in Anglophone tertiary institutions has made it necessary to place more emphasis on writing skills in Turkish universities. This has made it inevitable that Turkish universities include academic writing as part of their curricula. Considering that even non-native speaking (NNS) scholars have been reported to face challenges with academic writing not usually experienced by native-speaking (NS) writers (Gosden 1992), it is not surprising to see that this activity causes a great deal of anxiety for undergraduate and graduate students. This paper explores the effects of using a multiple-draft process approach on reducing the students' anxiety levels, as they relate to the academic writing process. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and written reflections by students.

In this study, we investigated the occurence of Toxoplasma gondii and checked the sequencing in 56 samples collected from in the Ordu province, Middle Black Sea, Turkey. The samples were collected from drinking and river water and DNA was extracted from all samples. After DNA isolation, the 18S rRNA target gene and B1 gene of T. gondii were amplified by conventional PCR, nested PCR, and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, respectively. Twenty out of 56 samples (35.7%) were Toxoplasma positive by LAMP. The conventional PCR and nested PCR confirmed that 12 and 16 out of 56 samples (21.42 and 28.57%) were positive for Toxoplasma, respectively. All drinking water samples were negative by all three methods. Thirteen Toxoplasma nested PCR products were successfully sequenced. This study achieved detection and sequencing of Toxoplasma from water supplies in the Middle Black sea area in Turkey.

The present study aims to explore Turkish EFL students' major writing difficulties by analyzing the frequent writing errors in academic essays. Accordingly, the study examined errors in a corpus of 150 academic essays written by Turkish EFL students studying at the Department of English Language and Literature at a public university in Turkey. The essays were written on assigned topics as take home exam papers or assignments in the context of a first year academic writing course. The corpus consisted of essays of various lengths ranging from 500 word essays to 1500 word essays. The essays were compiled into a corpus and analyzed by using a concordance program. The essays were also checked for plagiarism using the online plagiarism detection software and plagiarized essays were excluded from the analysis. Errors were classified by using an error classification system which was organized according to lexico-grammatical categories. The resulting categories consisted of mostly syntactic and lexical categories of error but academic style errors were considered as well. As a result of the analysis, in terms of error categories, the most frequent errors were observed in the verb related error categories. When considered individually, the most frequent errors were observed in noun modification and were mostly interference related.

ÖZAmaç: Çalışmada Samsun'a ili ve ilçelerindeki çevresel sularda parazitlerin varlığını saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Samsun İl Merkezi'nde13 istasyon belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Mart 2012-Şubat 2013 arasında yapılmış olup her ay belirlenen tarihlerde su örnekleri toplanmıştır. Örnekler direk bakı ile incelendikten sonra kinyonun asit fast, modifiye trichrome ve trichrome boyaları ile boyanmıştır. Preparatlar ışık mikroskobunda parazitolojik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada incelenen 228 su örneğinin 180'i akarsu, 48'i içme suyu olup 142 Giardia sp., 132 Cryptosporidium spp., 56 Cyclospora spp., 38 Microsporidia, 47 Blastocystis spp, 38 Entamoeba coli kisti, 18 Dientemoeba, 9 Chilomastix, 9 Strongyloides spp. 6, kancalı kurt saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bölgede hayvancılığın ve tarımın yaygın olarak yapılması ve akarsu etrafının otlak alanı olarak kullanılması belirlenen bazı protozoonların belirli dönemlerde fazla görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bölgedeki insan ve hayvanlarda parazitolojik çalışmaların yapılarak kontrol programlarının uygulanması gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Samsun, akarsu, deniz suyu, içme suyu, parazitler Geliş Tarihi: 14.02.2014Kabul Tarihi: 07.06.2016ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of parasites in environmental waters in Samsun and its districts. Methods: At the center of Samsun, 13 stations were determined. The research was performed between March 2012 and February 2013, and every month, water samples were collected on the dates stated. The samples were stained with Kinyoun acid-fast, modified trichrome, and trichrome dyes after examining with the direct bond. The preparations were evaluated in terms of parasitologic under a light microscope. Results: Totally, 180 of 228 water samples analyzed were from streams; of these, 48 were drinking water samples. The following were found: 142 Giardia spp., 132 Cryptosporidium spp., 56 Cyclospora spp., 38 microsporidia, 47 Blastocystis spp., 38 Entamoeba coli cysts, 18 Dientamoeba, 9 Chilomastix, 9 Strongyloides spp., and 6 hookworms. Conclusion:The widespread use of animal husbandry and agriculture in the region and the use of stream surroundings as a grazing area increase the presence of some determined protozoa during a certain period. Parasitological studies in humans and animals in the region should be conducted, and control programs should be applied.