Urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra due to scarring process. It can be caused by a pre-existing inflammatory process, traumatic condition to the urethral or idiopathic where the cause is unknown. Historically, both in the developed and developing countries post-inflammatory stricture disease dominated over post traumatic causes, however, about few decades ago the trend changed. While the picture remained the same in developing countries it is a reverse in the developed countries where post-traumatic causes topped the list. In our study also, urethral stricture of post-inflammatory origin was seen to be commoner than post-traumatic causes. A retrospective study of all patients seen in our facility with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction and diagnosed with urethral stricture between January 2014 to December 2014. Eighteen patients were sorted out and used for the study. Biomedical data, clinical features and methods of diagnosis were retrieved and analyzed. Patient's age ranged from 19-93 years with a mean of 50.17+ 17.618 years. Post-inflammatory group were 10 patients (55.6%) while post-traumatic group were 7 patients (38.9%) and one patient had idiopathic stricture representing 5.6%. Mean age at diagnosis per cause were respectively 55.4 + 17.61, 47.14.86 and 19 years for post-inflammatory, post-traumatic and idiopathic causes. Stricture is a major urological condition and frequently leads to bladder outlet obstruction and strong bothersome symptoms to patients. In developing countries such as ours, it is still commonly caused by post-infectious urethritis and other relatively common causes are post-traumatic and idiopathic.

Bladder Outlet Obstruction is a major Urological problem especially in the aging male population. Effect of which may lead to Chronic kidney failure with attendant high mortality, decrease quality of life, increase health care expenditure and end-stage renal disease if untreated. This most often happens when presentation for care is late. Chronic kidney failure is characterized, among other things, by failure to maintain electrolyte homeostasis and inadequate excretion of metabolic wastes. A retrospective study of case notes of one hundred and three (103) patients who were seen in our facility between April 2014 and March 2015; with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Eighty four (84) patients completed the required tests which were used for this study. Data from 84 patients with a mean age of 61.70 years (SD+11.139) were analyzed. The cause of BOO and their relative frequency were: Cancer of the prostate (Cap) in 32.0%, Benign prostatic hyperplasia in 50.2% and urethral stricture in 17.5%. Electrolyte derangements were seen in 18.3% for potassium, 6.1% for sodium, 10.8% for chroride and 35.7% for bicarbonate. There was no significant statistical association between electrolyte status and causes of BOO or even with the age of the patients. Electrolyte derangement is one of the complications of BOO resulting from renal compromise. Late presentation especially in high pressure chronic urinary retention most commonly lead to chronic renal failure. Preventive measures involving proactive health awareness to all men in this age group or even younger men should be done to forestall this morbid condition.

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Background: Prostate cancer is a global health problem affecting men in their advancing years. Both prostate and hypertension incidence increases with age. Human and animal studies have attempted to explain an association between the two disease entities. The interplay of androgen activity has been strongly suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension among prostate cancer patients. Materials and methods: One hundred and nineteen (119) patients with prostate cancer were studied. Information retrieved from their case notes included biodata, clinical, laboratory, imaging and prostate biopsy results. Hypertensive men were selected based on preceding history of hypertension or absence of such history for non-hypertensives. Results: mean age of patients was 68.68±8.38 years ranging from 48 to 91 years. Non–hypertensives were slightly older than hypertensive men (Table 1). Mean Gleason score was 7.97±1.15 and mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 56.20±37.30 ng/ml. Most men were in their 8th decade of life (table 2i).The prevalence of hypertension was 43.7%. Most of them had prostate specific antigen in excess of 10.0ng/ml and Gleason score of 9. Hypertensive men were also associated with slightly higher Gleason score and prostate specific antigen values. Conclusion: Evaluation of hypertensive men should include a full urological assessment to diagnose those at increased risk of prostate cancer bearing in mind documented high prevalences associated with both disease conditions.