Studies captured app usage or engagement data in a range of ways. Less than half of the total studies collected objective app usage data (e.g. time spent using the app or time spent using specific app

Reward plays a fundamental role in human behavior. A growing number of studies have shown that stimuli associated with reward become salient and attract attention. The aim of the present study was to extend these results into the investigation of iconic memory and visual working memory. In two experiments we asked participants to perform a visual-search task where different colors of the target stimuli were paired with high or low reward. We then tested whether the pre-established feature-reward association affected performance on a subsequent visual memory task, in which no reward was provided. In this test phase participants viewed arrays of 8 objects, one of which had unique color that could match the color associated with reward during the previous visual-search task. A probe appeared at varying intervals after stimulus offset to identify the to-be-reported item. Our results suggest that reward biases the encoding of visual information such that items characterized by a reward-associated feature interfere with mnemonic representations of other items in the test display. These results extend current knowledge regarding the influence of reward on early cognitive processes, suggesting that feature-reward associations automatically interact with the encoding and storage of visual information, both in iconic memory and visual working memory.

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11Population receptive field (pRF) modelling is a common technique for estimating the stimulus-12 selectivity of populations of neurons using neuroimaging. Here, we aimed to address if pRF 13properties estimated with this method depend on the spatio-temporal structure and the 14 predictability of the mapping stimulus. We mapped the polar angle preference and tuning width of 15 voxels in visual cortex (V1-V4) of healthy, adult volunteers. We compared sequences orderly 16 sweeping through the visual field or jumping from location to location employing stimuli of 17 different width (45° vs 6°) and cycles of variable duration (8s vs 60s). While we did not observe 18 any systematic influence of stimulus predictability, the temporal structure of the sequences 19 significantly affected tuning width estimates. Ordered designs with large wedges and short cycles 20 produced systematically smaller estimates than random sequences. Interestingly, when we used 21 small wedges and long cycles, we obtained larger tuning width estimates for ordered than random 22 sequences. We suggest that, ordered and random mapping protocols show different susceptibility 23 to other design choices such as stimulus type and duration of the mapping cycle and can produce 24 significantly different pRF results. 25 26 27 28 adaptively redistributed to optimize the sampling of the visual stimulus according to task 60