Objectives To analyze soluble Fms-like tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) ratio concentrations in COVID-19 pregnant patients with and without Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), compared with non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and a control group. Study design : We recruited and obtained a complete follow-up of 19 COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and of 24 COVID-19 normotensive pregnant patients. Demographic, clinical and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio findings were compared with a group of 185 non COVID-19 pregnant patients with HDP and 41 non COVID normotensive patients. Findings were based on univariate analysis and on a multivariate adjusted model, and a case by case analysis of COVID-19 pregnant patients with an abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >38 at recruitment. Main outcome measures : sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Results We confirmed a significant higher prevalence of HDP in women affected by COVID-19 compared to control population. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was found high in HDP patients, with and without of Sars-Cov2 infection. COVID-19 patients with worse evolution of the disease showed greater rates of obesity and other comorbidities. sFlt/PlGF ratio proved not to be helpful in the differential diagnosis of the severity of this infection. Conclusions COVID-19 pregnant patients showed a higher prevalence of HDP compared to non COVID-19 controls, as well as higher comorbidity rates. In spite of the possible common endothelial target and damage, between Sars-Cov-2 infection and HDP, the sFlt1/PlGF ratio did not correlate with the severity of this syndrome.

According to Cicero (Brutus: 46-48), Aristotle identifies the "inventors" of rhetoric as two logographers (speechwriters) named Corax and Tisias, who taught citizens the art of speech in order to reclaim expropriated property, and later composed the first rhetorical handbooks. 3.

La rhétorique de la « Primauté du peuple » (min ben) dans les Nouveaux Écrits de Jia Yi (200-168) "民本"：論賈誼(前200年-前168年)《新書》之修辭

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: "Brill". See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.

Objectives Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) of vascular placental origin are two main pregnancy complications associated with an increased incidence of poor outcomes. These conditions are both characterized by vascular dysfunction and syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as an index of oxidative stress could be a valid diagnostic tool for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes in high risk population. Methods We recruited women affected by HDP, classified according to fetal growth or with isolated FGR. Women with an uneventful pregnancy were recruited as control group. Ultrasound data and sera sample were collected at recruitment. Perinatal complications were the main outcome of this diagnostic study. A survival analysis, a logistic regression model with all covariates and a predictive model based on a Random Forest and a Mean Decrease Gini index were performed. Results We recruited 350 consecutive singleton pregnancies. The 90 patients who suffered of perinatal complications had a significantly higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (267.2±271.2) at recruitment than those who did not (57±93.5), (p <0.001). Survival curves censored by prevalence of perinatal complications were significantly associated with sFlt-1/PlGF ratio reported risk groups (p<0.0001). The logistic regression including all recorded clinical biophysical diagnostic data and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio showed that for each 10-unit increase in the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio the chance of developing perinatal complications increased of 6% (OR 1.006; CI 95% 1.004-1.009; p <0.001). The Predictive Model, using only variables known at the time of recruitment, achieved a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% (p <0.001), and according to the Mean Decrease Gini index the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was ranking first. Conclusion sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, at the time of recruitment, proved to be a useful tool for predicting perinatal complications in a cohort with all of hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction, as a marker of syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress, independently from the cause of the placental imbalance.