Research on the impact of music interventions has indicated positive effects on a variety of skills. These findings suggest musical interventions may have further potential to support educational processes and development of children. This paper reviews the latest evidence on the effect of musical interventions on the development of primary school-aged children. Four electronic databases were searched from January 2010 through June 2016 using music, music instruction, music education, music lesson, music training, development, child, student, and pupil as key words for the search. Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies to determine whether they met the stated inclusion criteria. Studies were compared on study setup, methodological quality, intervention components, outcome variables, and efficacy. A review of these selected studies (n = 46) suggestive beneficial effects of music intervention on development of children, although clear conclusions cannot be drawn. Possible influencing factors that might contribute to the outcome of intervention are reviewed and recommendations for further research are made.

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We show in what sense macroscopic physical science is a product of figurative (imaginative) structures of the human mind. Conceptual structure in physics is perception based and schematic and uses metaphoric, analogical, and narrative forms to extend direct perception and conception to cases of less directly accessible phenomena. For instance, a theory of the dynamics of heat can be rendered in a form analogous to that of fluids or electricity. We show how tools using visual forms of metaphors employed in macroscopic physical science can be designed and applied, and we briefly outline one application of the principles discussed here: a novel course for kindergarten and primary school student teachers.

Taking different examples across Europe, this chapter shows the intricacy of destination image construction and presents some factors that play a role. It foregrounds the phenomenon of image construction that towns go through, when starting to engage in tourism and develop policies. It focuses on the crossing, sometimes conflicting, or even internalized gazes of citizens, tourists and authorities in charge of tourism.

This article gives an overview of the DyMoRail library.The aim of this Modelica library is the simulation of longitudinal dynamics of entire railway trains. The DyMoRail library allows an efficient simulation of complete train compositions in various configurations. The library contains different car models, buffers, couplers equipped with both friction and elastomer springs, as well as the center-buffers for multiple units. DyMoRail allows to simulate the entire motion cycle that the buffer undergoes during a collision. The robust programming of the basic models allows simulations for arbitrary combination of buffers, couplers and destruction tubes. Different modelling techniques (SIMULINK, STELLA) have been explored. Since the modular structure of Modelica allows fast and simple setup of models including different types of rolling stock and different types of couplers and buffers, it was decided to build this library in Modelica. This simulation environment was successfully used by Schwab Verkehrstechnik AG during the development of their state-of the-art center coupler product family. Within DyMoRail2 we intend to implement further features and improve the modularity and flexibility of the library.