The basic concept of organic farming prevents synthetic chemical compounds from using fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators. Natural insecticides are alternative pesticides in pest control on plants because they are available around us and have a good impact on the sustainability of the agricultural environment. This study aims to examine the level of toxicity of several alternative insecticides in controlling the walang sangit  (Leptocorixa acuta). The research in the laboratory and greenhouse of Instiper Yogyakarta uses 3 natural ingredients, namely neem leaves, tobacco leaves, and C. Odorata weed leaves at 2 stages of L. acuta on instra 3-4 and adults. Observations were made by looking at pest mortality, attack rate, and yield and analyzed using SPSS 16 software. The results showed that tobacco leaf extract was the most effective source of insecticide, with a mortality rate of up to 90% and damage rates below 9%.

One of the plantation crops with high economic value is vanilla. The biggest constraint in vanilla cultivation is stem rot disease. Endophytic fungi are fungi that live inside healthy plant tissues without causing symptoms or damage to the host plant. This study was aimed at determining the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanilla, identifying and selecting the type and amount of endophytic fungi found in healthy vanilla plants and vanilla plants with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of stem rot. The research was carried out in a vanilla plantation belonging to the residents of Sinogo Village, West Plono Village, and West Ngalian Samigaluh Village, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta from January to March 2021. The research method used was a descriptive method for symptoms of the disease. A survey and collection of healthy stems and stem rot disease were then conducted. In addition, environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, and soil pH were also recorded. Identification of endophytic fungi was carried out in the laboratory. The data were analyzed both quantitatively (percentage of disease attack) and qualitatively (morphological characteristics of fungi macroscopically and microscopically). The results showed that the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease from the largest to the smallest was 30% in West Plono Village, 25.3% in West Ngalian Village, and 22.8% in Sinogo Village. In healthy vanilla plants, there are 4 types of endophytic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp. In vanilla stem rot disease, 2 types of endophytic fungi were found, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium sp.