Personal informatics (PI) systems allow users to collect and review personally relevant information. The purpose commonly envisioned for these systems is that they provide users with actionable, data-driven selfinsight to help them change their behavioral patterns for the better. Here, we review relevant theory as well as empirical evidence for this selfimprovement hypothesis. From a corpus of 6,568, only 24 studies met the selection criteria of being a peer-reviewed empirical study reporting on actionable, data-driven insights from PI data, using a "clean" PI system with no other intervention techniques (e.g., additional coaching) on a nonclinical population. First results are promising-many of the selected articles report users gaining actionable insights-but we do note a number of methodological issues that make these results difficult to interpret. We conclude that more work is needed to investigate the self-improvement hypothesis and provide a set of recommendations for future work.

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