A new immunochromatographic test (bioNexia Legionella; bioMérieux) for the detection of Legionella pneumophila urinary antigen was evaluated in 255 urine samples. The results were compared with those obtained by the BinaxNOW and Sofia Legionella tests. The novel test compared well with those currently in use. Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an acute pneumonia caused by Legionella species. Clinical manifestations and radiological signs cannot discriminate LD from other bacterial pneumonias; therefore, a rapid laboratory diagnosis is of paramount importance in suspected LD patients (1). To confirm a case of legionellosis (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/legionnaires_ disease/surveillance/Pages/EU-case-definition.aspx), at least one of the following laboratory criteria must be met: isolation of Legionella spp. from respiratory samples, detection of Legionella antigen in urine, seroconversion, and/or significant increase in serum anti-Legionella antibodies (2). The case is probable when L. pneumophila DNA is detected by PCR (3, 4, 5). The qualitative detection of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine is widely used for the diagnosis of LD (6, 7) due to the simplicity of sample collection and the rapidity and ease-of-use of the method. In addition, sputum production is generally scarce in LD (8). One disadvantage of the urine antigen (Ag) test is its inability to detect legionellae other than L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and the persistence of positive results after clinical resolution of LD (9, 10, 11).The aim of this study was to evaluate a new immunochromatographic assay (bioNexia Legionella; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) with the BinaxNOW Legionella (Alere, Scarborough, ME, USA) and Sofia Legionella (Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA) assays, which are routinely used in our laboratory.(These data were presented in part at the , and all were Legionella positive with the Sofia assay. All of the samples were collected from patients suffering from pneumonia, as confirmed by a clinician interview, and for positive samples, LD was highly suspected. bioNexia Legionella is a rapid immunochromatographic assay for the qualitative detection of L. pneumophila antigen in nonconcentrated or concentrated urine specimens. In the case of a positive result, the L. pneumophila antigen is revealed by antibody conjugated to specific colloidal gold nanoparticles generating a deep purple test (T) line and is validated by the presence of a deep purple control (C) line.The study was performed in two different steps: the three assays were first performed simultaneously on nonconcentrated US,

<em>Background and aims:</em> Septic complications represent the predominant cause of late death in poly-trauma patients. The necessity to differentiate septic from non septic patients is more relevant at the early stage of the illness in order to improve the clinical outcome and to reduce the mortality. The identification of a sensitive and specific, clinically reliable, biomarker capable to early recognize incoming septic complications in trauma patients whose expression is not influenced by concomitant traumatic injuries, is still a challenge for the researchers in the field. <br /><em>Materials and method</em>s: A retrospective analysis on 48 adult patients (9 females and 39 males, mean age 47.6±19 years) with multiple trauma was performed. The inclusion criterion was to suffer from acute trauma since no more than 24 hours and the exclusion criteria were the following: antibiotic treatment on admission and maintained for more than 48 hours; on-going infection on admission not associated with trauma; treatment with immunosuppressors/ immunomodulants; age &lt;18 years old. Presepsin was measured using an automated chemiluminescence analyser at 1, 3, 5 and 8 days post of hospitalization. The diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/infection was established according to the criteria of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. <br /><em>Results and conclusions:</em> In patients with SIRS, the mean presepsin concentration was 917,08 (±69.042) ng/L <em>vs</em> 980,258 (±1951.32) ng/L in patients without SIRS (P=0.769). In the infected patients, the mean presepsin concentration was 1513.25 (±2296.54) ng/L <em>vs</em> 654.21 (±511,068) ng/L (P&lt;0.05) calculated among the non infected upon admission. The plasma presepsin concentration increased progressively during the first 8 days of hospitalization. Presepsin concentration in the infected patients was significantly higher than in non-infected patients. On the other hands no significant differences were found in the plasma level of presepsin among patients with and without SIRS. Any other clinical condition related to the trauma did not affect presepsin. Our data clearly suggest that presepsin may be considered an helpful diagnostic tool to early diagnose sepsis in trauma patients.