Migraine is a severe and common primary headache disorder, characterized by pain as well as a plethora of non-painful symptoms. Among these, visual phenomena have long been known to be associated with migraine, to the point where they can constitute a hallmark of the disease itself. In this review we focus on two key visual disorders that are directly or indirectly connected to migraine: visual aura and visual snow syndrome (VSS). Visual aura is characterized by the transient presence of positive and negative visual symptoms, before, during or outside of a migraine attack. VSS is a novel stand-alone phenomenon which has been shown to be comorbid with migraine. We discuss key clinical features of the two disorders, including pathophysiological mechanisms, their differential diagnoses and best treatment practices. Our aim is to provide an aid for clinicians and researchers in recognizing these common visual phenomena, which can even appear simultaneously in patients with an underlying migraine biology.

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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a clinical-radiologic syndrome characterized by recurrent thunderclap headache, with or without other acute neurological symptoms, and diffuse segmental constriction of cerebral arteries that resolves spontaneously within 3 months. Methods: It is described a clinic case of a woman, who was diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A literature search and an update of the latest updates regarding this disease was done. Conclusion: At least half of the cases of this syndrome are secondary, especially postpartum and/or exposure to vasoactive substances such as illicit drugs, sympathomimetics and serotonergic drugs. It is crucial to identify this disorder in order to remove possible causative agents, or avoid potential complications.