Extracts obtained from Elstar and Cox-Orange apples (Malus var. domestica Borkh.) were screened for potent odorants by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). (E)-beta-Damascenone (I), (E)-beta-damascone (II), hexanal (III), (Z)-3-hexenal (IV), (Z)-2-nonenal (V), linalool (VI), butyl acetate (VII), 2-methylbutyl acetate (VIII) and hexyl acetate (IX) were identified in Elstar and I, III-V, ethyl butanoate (X), ethyl 2-methylbutanoate (XI), 1-octen-3-one (XII), (E)-2-octenal (XIII), methional (XIV), (E)-2-nonenal (XV), eugenol (XVI) and wine lactone (XVII) in Cox Orange. The release of odorants by the cultivars was analysed by gas chromatography-olfactometry of headspace samples. Esters X and XI showed the highest odour activities in the air above Elstar apples and ester X, acetaldehyde (XVIII), 2-methylbutanol (XIX) and ethyl methylpropanoate (XX) in that of Cox Orange. Preparation of a homogenate changed the headspace composition of potent odorants. Hexyl acetate (IX) became the key odorant of Elstar and aldehydes III and IV those of Cox Orange. Quantification and calculation of odour activity values indicated I, IV, V, VII, VIII and IX as the character impact odorants of the fruit flesh of the two cultivars. Elstar contained more I, V, VII and IX and Cox Orange more IV than the other cultivar. The concentrations of VIII were similar.

Avaliou-se o grau de resistência de 36 clones de maracujazeiro obtidos por seleção massal de sete progênies de híbridos interespecíficos a três isolados de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. As progênies foram obtidas por meio de cruzamentos entre a cultivar comercial Passiflora edulis "flavicarpa" com as espécies silvestres P. caerulea, P. edulis "roxo" e P. setacea. Os isolados da bactéria foram obtidos em Rio Claro-SP, Planaltina-DF e Limeira-SP. Clones individuais foram inoculados com solução bacteriana na concentração de 108ufc ml-1 aos 120 dias da semeadura. As avaliações ocorreram aos 5, 10 e 15 dias após a inoculação, medindo-se o diâmetro longitudinal e transversal das lesões. Em seguida, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da lesão (AACPL). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, sendo os genótipos os tratamentos distribuídos em quatro blocos com parcelas de três plantas para cada genótipo. Em cada parcela, plantas individuais foram inoculadas com um dos isolados da bactéria, totalizando três plantas com isolados diferentes. Plantas das espécies genitoras P. caerulea (AACPL=0,17) e P. setacea (AACPL=14,50) apresentaram alto grau de resistência, quando comparadas às plantas da testemunha BRS Gigante Amarelo (AACPL=4089,25), enquanto genótipos híbridos apresentaram valores intermediários (AACPL de 15,67 a 768,42), indicando a importância desses materiais como fontes de resistência à bacteriose.

Cassava storage root is the staple food of most of the Brazilian population. In this study, 13 cassava clones were evaluated for agronomic and biochemical traits compared to the control variety IAC 576-70. The experiments were conducted at Embrapa Cerrados during two harvest seasons. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates, each plot consisting of 4 rows of 10 plants. Trait means were grouped by the Scott-Knott clustering test at 5% probability. The results highlighted clones 273/08 and 259/08, based on first branch height; 90/08, 272/08, 273/08, 497/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on plant height; 94/08 and 272/08, based on shoot weight without the original stem cutting; 26/08, 272/08, 259/08, and 450/08, based on root starch percentage; and 215/08, based on root yield. In the 2011/2012 season, all clones showed cooking time less than 30 minutes. Regarding root protein content, clones 26/08, 90/08, and 91/08 were highlighted. HCN levels in cassava roots were below 100 mg kg-1 in all clones evaluated. We found elite clones with high levels of root carotenoids, especially clones 91/08, 94/08, 215/08, 246/08, 272/08, and 497/08. These clones have great potential for direct use by producers, and can be used as promising parents in genetic breeding programs of cassava.

Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.