Václavíková E., Kvasnička F. (2015): Quality control of chondroitin sulphate used in dietary supplements. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 165-173.Chondroitin sulphate (CS), a complex polysaccharide isolated from animal cartilage, is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements to support joint health and/or to treat osteoarthritis. Several low-quality CS raw materials were identified in marketed products of dietary supplements. For the evaluation of the quality of CS, we present here a capillary isotachophoretic method (cITP). As a leading electrolyte for the anionic analysis of CS, a mixture of 5 mM HCl + 10 mM glycine + 0.01% of 2-hydroxyethylcellulose of pH 2.8 was used. A solution of 10 mM citric acid served as the terminating electrolyte. On a series of CS raw material samples we proved that the cITP is a suitable method for this purpose.
Václavíková E., Kvasnička F. (2013): Isotachophoretic determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in dietary supplements. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 55-65.Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, components of normal cartilage, are used as ingredients in dietary supplements intended to treat osteoarthritis and/or to support joint health. Of concern is the documented lack of quality in many of the marketed products. We present here a capillary isotachophoretic method for the determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in dietary supplements. Cationic analysis of glucosamine was performed with a leading electrolyte consisting of 10mM NH 4 OH + 20mM acetic acid. As the leading electrolyte for anionic analysis of chondroitin sulphate, a mixture of 5mM HCl + 10mM glycylglycine + 0.05% of 2-hydroxyethylcellulose was used. The solution of 10mM citric acid served as the terminating electrolyte for both glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate analyses. The analytes were detected by conductivity and UV detectors. The characteristics of the method,, i.e., linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and quantitation limit, were evaluated. On a set of 35 samples of marketed dietary supplements did we prove that the capillary isotachophoresis is a suitable method for the routine analysis of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.
Phytic acid (PA) and lower inositolphosphates (InsP(n) ) is the main storage form of phosphorus in grains or seeds. The content of PA and InsP(n) in different varieties of barley was analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis and online-coupled capillary isotachophoresis with CZE. The electrolytes (in demineralized water) for the isotachophoretic analysis consisted of 10 mM HCl, 14 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (leading) and 10 mM citric acid (terminating). The optimized electrolytes for the online coupling isotachophoresis with zone electrophoresis analysis were mixtures of 5 mM HCl, 7 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (leading), 20 mM citric acid, 10 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (background) and 10 mM citric acid (terminating). PA and all studied InsP(n) were separated within 25 min and detected by a conductivity detector. Simple sample preparation (acidic extraction), sufficient sensitivity, speed of analysis, and low running cost are important attributes of the electrophoretic methods. The method was used for the determination of PA and InsP(n) in barley varieties within an ongoing research project.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of 17 samples of mead originating from the Czech Republic. The samples included honey wines (made only from water and honey) and dessert meads which were treated mainly by the addition of sugar or alcohol. The following chemical parameters were analysed: ethanol, sugar-free extract, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides), organic acids, assimilable nitrogen, and polyphenols. Substantial differences were found between samples: i) the content of glucose and fructose was 2.5–113.1 g L<sup>–1</sup> and 17.3–136.3 g L<sup>–1</sup>, respectively; ii) the HMF content ranged from 1.0 mg L<sup>–1</sup> to 87.7 mg L<sup>–1</sup>. The most abundant organic acids were lactic acid (average 1.0 g L<sup>–1</sup>), gluconic acid (0.6 g L<sup>–1</sup>), and acetic acid (0.4 g L<sup>–1</sup>); the amount of phenolic compounds was 151.9–385.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L<sup>–1</sup>. Honey wines typically contained turanose (2.0–7.6 g L<sup>–1</sup>) and trehalose (1.1–10.1 g L<sup>–1</sup>), while dessert mead was characterised by an increased sucrose content (up to 76.5 g L<sup>–1</sup>).
V zrně ječmene se cca 65 % fosforu (P) nachází v podobě fytové kyseliny (PA) a jejích solí -fytátů, které negativně ovlivňují úroveň využitelnosti minerálních látek a dalších nutričně významných živin, podílejí se na minerálních deficiencích u lidí i ve výživě hospodář-ských zvířat a přispívají ke znečištění životního prostředí. Detekce a tvorba nových odrůd se změněným poměrem obou forem P, ve prospěch stravitelného fosfátu (Pi), je jedním ze způsobů řešení. Předložená práce se zabývala hodnocením variability obsahu PA a fosfátu (Pi) v zrně vybraných odrůd jarního a ozimého ječmene, genetických zdrojů a nových vlastních linií ječmene jarního, vytvořených hybridizací s tzv. "lpa" chemomutanty -donory nízkého obsahu PA (M422, M1070, M635 a M955). U jarního ječmene byla variabilita obsahu obou forem P ovlivněna ročníkovými vlivy a pouze při rozšíření hodnoceného souboru o lpa mutanty také genotypem. I přes vysokou ročníkovou proměnlivost zůstával u lpa mutantů přibližně stejný poměr Pi/PA (od 138,4 % u M422 po 772,1 % u M955), zatímco u standardních odrůd činil v průměru pouze 31,3 %. Porovnání ozimého a jarního ječmene prokázalo, že ozimé odrůdy mají silnou tendenci k vyšší kumulaci P v zrnu a ve formě PA (12,42 mg.g -1 vs. 10,94 mg.g -1 ). Rozpracování screeningové metody hodnocení obsahu volného P v zrnu pomocí kolorimetrického testu (KT) umožnilo provádět rozsáhlejší výběr materiálů s rozdílným obsahem PA a Pi. Mezi výsledky získanými aplikací metody KT a klasicky stanoveným obsahem Pi byla vypočtena silná kladná korelace (r = 0,85**, P≤0,01). Naopak využití existujících molekulárních markerů (SCAR marker ABC153) pro detekci kříženců se sníženým obsahem PA v zrnu se ukázalo jako velmi málo účinné. Křížením s lpa mutanty a následujícím výběrem za využití KT byly vytvořeny nové linie ječmene jarního se sní-ženým obsahem PA, zvýšeným podílem Pi a porovnatelným celkovým obsahem P v obilce, které mohou být využity ve šlechtění nebo dalším výzkumu. Zajímavým novým genovým zdrojem pro vývoj potravinářských odrůd ječmene se jeví nová linie KM2881.622.2.07, u které je zvýšený obsah volného P spojen s waxy charakterem škrobu (snížený podíl polysacharidu amylosy). Around 65 % of phosphorus (P) in barley grain is in the form of phytic acid (PA) and phytates (PA salts), both forms negatively affect the usability of mineral substances and other important nutrients, thus participating in mineral deficiencies in human as well as livestock nutrition, and contributing to the pollution of the environment. Detection and creation of new varieties with a changed rate of both P forms in favor of digestible phosphate (Pi) is one of possible solutions. The submitted study dealt with the evaluation of variability in contents of PA and Pi in grains of selected spring and winter barley varieties, genetic resources and new spring barley lines created by hybridization with so-called "lpa" chemo-mutants -donors of low PA content (M422, M1070, M635, and M955). Variability in the content of both P forms in spring barley was affected by year a...
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