ABSTRACTafter nitrification of the ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N) present, and emission of NH 3 (European Centre for Much animal manure is being applied to small land areas close to Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, 1994), CH 4animal confinements, resulting in environmental degradation. This paper reports a study on the emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), methane (Chadwick and Pain, 1997) et al., 1991, 1996). However, TAN applied). Methane emission was highest (39.6 g C hathe magnitude of these direct effects and interactions immediately after application, as dissolved CH 4 was released from the slurry. Emissions then continued at a low rate for approximately 7is not known with certainty.

In the southeastern United States, ‘TifEagle’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] has become a selected cultivar for renovated or new bermudagrass putting greens, and its use has increased in popularity. However, there is limited research which examines TifEagle establishment, especially when cultural practices such as mowing height are included in the experimental design. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of N rate and mowing height on the percentage ground cover, shoot density, color, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content, and soil nitrate (NO3–N) and ammonium (NH4–N) content of TifEagle hybrid bermudagrass putting greens throughout three establishment years (2002, 2003, and 2004). Weekly applications of N were applied at 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g N m−2 wk−1, and mowing height applied at 3.2, 3.9, and 4.8 mm. Almost every agronomic measure (percentage ground cover, shoot density, root or rhizome and stolon mass, color) responded to increased applications of N, with maximum ground cover and shoot density reached at N rates from 3.4 to 4.3 g N m−2 wk−1 Turf mowed under the lowest mowing height often had reduced turfgrass color and rhizome and stolon mass, compared with that mowed at 3.9 or 4.8 mm. Soil pH and residual NO3−N and NH4–N were almost always affected by N rate, but not by mowing height. For rapid establishment without significant reductions in shoot density, rhizome and stolon mass, and TNC, the highest N rate of 4.8 g N m−2 wk−1, as used in this study, was not needed.

No abstract

Slow-release nitrogen (N) fertilizers offer many potential benefits for vegetable production. In sandy soils, their use may lessen N leaching. If the slow-release fertilizer has a release pattern that matches crop needs, N uptake by the growing crop may become more efficient. Additionally, if slow-release fertilizers can be applied as a preplant application, production costs could be lessened, eliminating the need for multiple applications of soluble N fertilizer. Synthetic slow-release fertilizers can be separated into two general groups: those that are slow release as a byproduct of a chemical reaction (such as urea-formaldehyde), and those that are slow release via a sulfur, wax, or resin coating around the fertilizer prill. In vegetable crop research, much of the available literature has focused on use of sulfur coat urea and urea-formaldehyde, as they have been in the fertilizer market for 40 years. Newer research has evaluated resin-coated products. In most studies, use of slow-release N fertilizers as a preplant treatment did not decrease crop yield, but yield was rarely increased when compared with standard split applications of soluble N. Based on available research, the benefits of using slow-release N fertilizers in vegetable crop production will come from reduced environmental risk and savings in production costs.

Edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is vegetable soybean harvested and consumed at the R6 development stage. The growing popularity of edamame as a healthy snack food has led to increased interest in edamame production from soybean producers across the Southeast. The objective of this study was to evaluate selected edamame cultivars for adaptation and production in central Alabama. Selected cultivars were represented by four maturity groups (MGs): MG III (Midori Giant, Chiba Green, Butterbean, Sayamusume, and BeSweet 2001), MG IV (Gardensoy 42, Mojo Green), MG V (Mooncake, Lanco, and Gardensoy 51), and MG VI (Owens).Cultivars were planted in replicated plots at the Plant Breeding Unit in Tallassee, AL, in May 2014 and June 2015. Data was collected on germination, plant height at maturity, height of lowest pod, weight of 25 shelled bean, days to first flower, pods per plant, bean per pod, and total yield. Highest yielding cultivars in 2014 included Gardensoy 51 and Midori Giant at 15,960 and 15,742 kg ha−1, respectively. In 2015, Mojo Green, Gardensoy 51, and Mooncake were the highest yielding cultivars at 13,576, 13,195, and 13,092 kg ha−1. In both years BeSweet 2001 produced the lowest yields: 10,226 kg ha−1 in 2014 and 2592 kg ha−1 in 2015. Weight of 25 shelled bean plants varied widely among cultivars. Cultivars from early maturity groups (MG III) produced larger beans with lower overall yield. This data will help producers chose cultivars based on yield potential and market preferences. This study evaluated selected edamame cultivars for production in Alabama. Cultivar characteristics such as bean weight, bean per pod, and plant height were documented. Many of the cultivars in this study have never been evaluated for production in the southeastern United States. This study will provide growers detailed production information that was previously unavailable.