Hoarseness of voice can develop due to various etiology. The present study aimed to evaluate the causes and correlation of various factors causing hoarseness of voice. Materials and Methods:The study was done in the department of ENT, Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu. Among the 72 patients who attended ENT OP with hoarseness of voice was included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study procedure and purpose was explained to each patient and informed consent was obtained. All the patients demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed with SPSS software 20.0 version. Results:The study included 72 patients. More number of patients were in the age between 51-70 years, Maximum number of patients were males. Manual Laborers showed more hoarseness in voice compare to other profession. Benign causes were more than malignant causes. 25% of patients were smokers. 33.3% patients had VC polyp. Conclusion: Hoarseness of the voice may be due to various pathological changes. Even a slightest of delays can lead to a drastic change in staging of the patients. All patients should be evaluated thoroughly. An appropriate history, complete and through physical examination and appropriate investigations can lead to appropriate and timely diagnosis of the underlying cause.

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Introduction: It is a common clinical condition-encountered by the otorhinolaryngologist. Key clinical areas of epistaxis are the Little's area and the 'Woodruff's plexus. Little's area lies in the anteroinferior part of septum; a common site of anterior epistaxis in children and young adults [2] . Woodruff s plexus lies just inferior to the posterior end of inferior turbinate; gives rise to posterior, epistaxis in adults [3] . The causes of epistaxis are numerous which can be divided into local and general causes. Common local causes are Trauma, Infections, Foreign bodies, Deviated nasal septum, Neoplasms. General causes are Hypertension, Blood dyscrasias, Chronic liver disorders, Chronic kidney diseases, Overuse of salicylates and anticoagulants. Aim: To study the etiopathogenesis, age and sex distribution of epistaxis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the ENT department of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari district in a time period from January 2020 to September 2020. Fifty patients of both sexes and all age groups presenting with epistaxis are included in this study. The study was conducted after obtaining the clearance from Institutional Human Ethical Committee. Study design: Prospective descriptive study. Results and Analysis: The incidence of epistaxis was 1.2%. It was more common in males. The age incidence was more in the first and second decades and then increased from the fifth decade onwards with almost 48% cases belonging to this category. The seasonal incidence was more during cold, dry, winter months (64%). The commonest etiological factor was trauma (48%), followed by the hypertension (22%). The causes for epistaxis in the first and second decades were trauma, infection and septal abnormalities. Hypertension, trauma and neoplasms accounted for the cases from fourth decade onwards. Conclusion:The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: Epistaxis is a common clinical condition encountered by the otorhino-laryngologist. It is prevalent in the 1 st and 2 nd decade and once again the age incidence increases from the 5 th decade onwards. It is found to be more common in males than females. It occurs frequently in cold and dry climate. The common causes epistaxis are trauma and hypertention.

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