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A novel 8-aminoquinolone compound, 8(6-4' 3-hydroxybutyl)piperazin-1'-ylhexylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline di(hydrogen maleate), moxipraquine, 349C59, was shown to be active against experimental infections with Trypanosoma cruzi. It was effective in suppressing parasitaemia but did not eradicate the infection from mice or guinea-pigs. Other clinically tested drugs, including nifurtimox, were likewise incapable of eradicating the parasite from infected mice. Moxipraquine was less potent against mouse infections with strain Peru than it was against other strains of T. cruzi. In limited tests, moxipraquine was effective on experimental infections of Leishmania major, L. mexicana mexicana and L. brasiliensis panamensis but not L.b. brasiliensis. Significant foetal toxicity, observed experimentally in rats and rabbits, resulted in the termination of clinical trials.

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The biological properties of a novel compound 353C with high activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, are described. The compound was about 10 times and 20 times more effective than either benznidazole or nifurtimox respectively, in producing radical cure in mice. 353C has a long half-life and showed anti-trypanosomal properties when given to mice at weekly intervals.