Introduction. Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. It encompasses considerable heterogeneity in pathology, patient clinical characteristics, and outcome. This study describes factors associated with overall survival (OS) of breast cancer in an updated national database. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 based on the National Cancer Database. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies/percentages, whereas continuous variables were summarized using the median/interquartile range (IQR). OS was explored using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. Data from n = 2,671,549 patients were analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range 18-90). 75% were non-Hispanic (NH) White; 11% were NH-Black; 4.7% were Hispanic-White; 0.1% were Hispanic-Black; and 3.4% were Asian. Most cases (73%) presented with ductal carcinoma histology; while 15% with lobular carcinoma. Rarer subtypes included epithelial-myoepithelial, fibroepithelial, metaplastic, and mesenchymal tumors. OS was associated with molecular subtype, histologic subtype, and AJCC clinical staging. Survival also correlated with race: a cohort including Asians and Pacific Islanders had the best survival, while Black patients had the worst. Finally, facility type also impacted outcome: patients at academic centers had the best survival, while those at community cancer programs had the worst. Conclusion. This large database provides a recent and comprehensive overview of breast cancer over 12 years. Molecular subtype, histologic subtype, stage, race, and facility type were correlated with OS. In addition to the educational perspective of this overview, significant factors impacting the outcome identified here should be considered in future cancer research on disparities.

Background: There is a paucity of research on the long-term impact of stress-reduction in Hispanic/Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors, a growing minority. In this article, we assess the long-term efficacy of an 8-week training program in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on quality of life (QoL) in Hispanic BC survivors. Methods: Hispanic BC survivors, within the first 5 years of diagnosis, stages I to III BC, were recruited. Participants were enrolled in bilingual, 8-week intensive group training in MBSR and were asked to practice a- home, daily. They were also provided with audio recordings and a book on mindfulness practices. Patient-reported outcomes for QoL and distress were evaluated at baseline, and every 3 months, for 24 months. Results: Thirty-three self-identified Hispanic women with BC completed the MBSR program and were followed at 24 months. Statistically significant reduction was noted for the Generalized Anxiety Disorder measure (mean change −2.39, P=0.04); and Patient Health Questionnaire (mean change −2.27, P=0.04), at 24 months, compared with baseline. Improvement was noted in the Short-Form 36 Health-related QoL Mental Component Summary with an increase of 4.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.48-7.66, P=0.03). However, there was no significant change in the Physical Component Summary. Conclusions: Hispanic BC survivors who participated in an 8-week MBSR–based survivorship program reported persistent benefits with reduced anxiety, depression, and improved mental health QoL over 24 months of follow-up. Stress reduction programs are beneficial and can be implemented as part of a comprehensive survivorship care in BC patients.

Background Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), is an IgG4 antibody that blocks interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1. Myocarditis, an immune-related adverse event, has been reported in thymic epithelial tumours. Pembrolizumab has also been associated with development/exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (MG). Case summary A 70-year-old woman with metastatic thymic cancer presented to the hospital with shortness of breath, 21 days after initiation of pembrolizumab. She was diagnosed with ICI-related myocarditis and was subsequently intubated due to respiratory failure. A dual-chamber pacemaker was placed due to complete heart block with asystole. Her troponin levels were elevated, an electrocardiogram was suspicious for myocardial infarction, but coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed the presence of myocarditis. Treatment was started with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and cardiovascular status improved. However, the patient was unable to be weaned from mechanical ventilation and tested positive for acetylcholine receptor binding/blocking antibodies due to de novo MG. After 50 days of hospitalization, she was discharged home in stable condition. A computed tomography scan was performed 6 weeks after pembrolizumab; results showed significant decrease/resolution of all measurable sites of metastatic disease in the lungs. Discussion This is the first reported case of a patient developing single-agent pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis concomitant with new-onset MG after treatment for advanced thymic malignancy. Additional studies are needed to explore the association between myocarditis, MG, and ICI therapy.

IMPORTANCE Triple-negative breast cancers are known collectively to demonstrate a more aggressive clinical course and earlier recurrence than cancers of other histological subtypes.However, the literature on rare triple-negative breast cancers and the association of histological type with survival and risk of metastasis is sparse.OBJECTIVE To present the clinical and demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) for histologically rare (<10% of breast cancers) triple-negative breast cancer types: medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort study was performed in the US using data reported by the National Cancer Database between 2010 and 2016. Confirmed cases of medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast cancer were analyzed. Univariable analyses and multivariable Cox regression models were performed. Data analysis was performed from April to May 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was 5-year OS. Secondary outcomes included site of metastasis, effect of immunohistochemistry, management, and 2-year mortality. RESULTS A total of 8479 patients with breast cancer (mean [SD] age; 62.6 [14.3] years; 8435 women [99.48%]) were analyzed. Metaplastic carcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed histological type in this cohort, with 6867 patients (81%), followed by 1357 (16%) with adenoid cystic carcinoma and only 255 (3%) with medullary carcinoma. Medullary carcinoma presented earlier in life, at a median (interquartile range) age of 53 (45-62) years, compared with 62 (53-72) years for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 63 (52-74) years for patients with metaplastic carcinoma. The proportion of tumors with triple-negative immunohistochemistry varied by histological type for medullary carcinoma (57 patients [22.4%]), adenoid cystic carcinoma (653 patients [48.1%]), and metaplastic carcinoma (3637 patients [53.0%]). Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma were less likely to receive radiotherapy (711 patients [52.4%]) and chemotherapy (175 patients [12.9%]) compared with patients with medullary carcinoma (radiotherapy, 156 patients [61.2%]; chemotherapy, 190 patients [74.5%]) and metaplastic carcinoma (radiotherapy, 3416 patients [49.7%]; chemotherapy, 4709 patients [68.6%]). The 5-year OS rate was superior for patients with medullary (91.7%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (88.4%) compared with patients with metaplastic carcinoma (63.1%). The 5-year mortality rate for adenoid cystic carcinoma was 8.33% vs 36.91% for metaplastic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCENationally, over the course of 7 years, medullary carcinoma was most common and metaplastic carcinoma had the worst 5-year OS among the rare histological breast cancer subtypes analyzed. Factors associated with a poor prognosis for metaplastic carcinoma included advanced stage, lung metastasis, older age, and not receiving chemotherapy or radiation (continued) Key Points Question Do all triple-negative breast ca...

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