On 4 May 1897 more than a hundred Parisians – mostly women of high society – perished in the Charity Bazaar fire. The records of this terrible accident reveal much about the charitable practices of the nobility in France of the Third Republic. This article explores the place of religion in upper-class charity within the context of republican anticlericalism. It focuses especially on issues of inter-faith collaboration and the role of aristocratic women in supporting the work of the Catholic Church.

This article examines the responses of Parisian noble women to campaigns for women's rights in France of the early Third Republic. The methodology of the article is based on the works of Pierre Bourdieu. His concept of the habitus is used to analyse the effects of class and gender in noble women's attitudes to French feminisms before the First World War. The conditioning of Parisian noble women explains their resistance, indeed often outspoken opposition, to feminists' demands. These female aristocrats supported their own oppression within a social order governed by the state, the scientific and medical establishments, the expectations of family, and the Catholic Church of the time

Giovanni Tarantino and Charles Zika, eds. Feeling Exclusion: Religious Conflict, Exile and Emotions in Early Modern Europe. London: Routledge, 2019. Chapter endnotes and index. 296 pp. (Hb) ISBN 9780367367060; (eBook) ISBN 9780429354335. Hb $184.80; eBook $37.02.

In this short book William Pooley invites the reader on an imaginative journey through the moorlands of Gascony, to meet the inhabitants and to contemplate the terrain and horizon, in the company of a unique guide. Simon Arnaudin, known as Félix (1844Félix ( −1921, was the son of bourgeois parents and born in the village of Labouheyre. Following three years of secondary schooling in Montde-Marsan, Arnaudin pursued a solitary studious existence, confining his interests 'to a relatively small geographical area in order to produce better work' (p. 39). His unlimited ambition, to collect the folklore of his native territory (pays) known as the 'Grande Lande', resulted in a project that researchers would later judge impossible to complete.Arnaudin's perception of himself as a 'collector' is significant for comprehending the nature of this personal project. It was a passion for collecting that drove him. The resulting archive reflects