This research examined elderly people's social network ties and their awareness of services available to them. For this sample of 1,224 persons aged 60 years or older, having nonkin advisers, membership in clubs, or contacts with other community agencies and availability of transportation, education, and moderate-size kin networks predicted service awareness. Lack of available kin, the presence of large kin networks, having kin confidants, and being old, poor, and female, or black inhibited service awareness.

The results of this study supported the theoretical perspective underlying the basis of this project. Although not a favorite activity, gambling is among several types of social activities in which older adults do participate. Results suggest further investigation of how casino activities relate to mental health and other leisure activities.

Older adults with diabetes use a flexible configuration of diabetes-self-management techniques, including culturally specific CAM modalities. CAM use, however, occupies a limited role in diabetes self-management, largely because of the predominance of conventional biomedical regimens.

This research examines differences in depressive symptomology among urban, rural off-reservation, and reservation-residing American Indians, age 55 years or older, of the eastern Great Lakes region. It analyzes the measurement structure of one commonly used depression scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and tests alternative models for the full sample (N = 277) as well as the three residential strata. Findings show that a 12-item version developed by Liang et al. for use with Mexican Americans provided a superior fit over the original 20-item version. The shortened scale included items more conceptually valid for this American Indian population. Furthermore, tests of invariance revealed that only the 12-item version had similar factor structures and factor loadings across the three residential strata.

Depression research is sparse with older AmericanIndians, and almost non-existent with Great Lakes American Indians. In our study, 309 Great Lakes American Indian elderly from urban, rural, and reservation settings were interviewed. Two-thirds of the sample were over age 65. Fifty-four percent of the sample completed less than a high school education, and 23 percent completed only a high school education. Depression prevalence and its correlates were examined. The CES-D was used to measure depressive symptomatology, and was found to have good internal consistency in our sample (alpha = 35). Overall, 18.3 percent of the sample scored above the traditional cutoff for depression (16). Both having completed fewer years of formal education and living in an urban area were significant predictors of depression. [Article copier available for a fee from fie Hmvorth Document Delivev Servire: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail addms: getinfo@haworth.com] Kim 1. C~uyto and Elise Hodges are affiliated with the Department of Psychology, Elizabeth E. Chapleski is affiliated with the Institute of Gerontology, and Richard Kaczynski aid Joanne Sobeck are affiliated with the ~eprtment of Community Medicine, all at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. Peter A. Lichtenberg is affiliated with the Rehabilitation lnstitute of Michigan, Detroit, MI.