The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some persistent organic pollutants in the surface sediments from the Zahuapan and Atoyac rivers (Tlaxcala, Mexico), as well as to determine the genotoxic potential, by the micronucleus test in Vicia faba, of the sediments and agricultural soils irrigated with water from these rivers. This document is the first study on the presence of POPs in surface sediments of the above-mentioned rivers; among the compounds analyzed are the HCH isomers, DDT and its metabolite DDE, HCB, mirex, aldrin, and 41 PCB congeners. The concentrations of HCB, DDTs, HCHs, and PCBs ranged from 138-510, 45-450, 3-27, and 59-1876 μg kg −1 dry weight, respectively. The highest levels of HCB, HCH isomers, and PCB congeners were found in the Atoyac River, and these compounds have the potential for causing an environmental impact. On the other hand, biological testing shows that both sediments and agricultural soils possess a genotoxic potential, given that the micronuclei frequency in V. faba is increased.
The objective of this work was to assess the blood lead level in paired samples of pottery-glaze workers to confirm the LeadCare ® II System (LCS) reliability using this device in the general population, and quantify this metal in cooked food in lead-glazed containers. The blood lead measurement in pottery-glaze workers was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and the LCS. this last method was also used in the general population. The food lead level was quantified through GFAAS. The paired data showed a significant correlation (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), a mean difference of 3.3 µg/dL with limits of agreement between -2.4 to 9 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.928. These results indicate a good concordance between both methods. The blood lead median of 32.0 µg/dL and interquartile range (IQR) of 16.1 was higher in the pottery-glaze workers than in the general population (children = 5.4 µg/dL, IQR = 5.9 and adults = 8.3 µg/dL, IQR = 2.7). Lead in food exceeded the maximum level considered in the Codex alimentarius. Pottery persists as a potential risk in the Tlaxcala State population.Palabras clave: sangre, alimentos, alfareros, niños, sistema LeadCare II RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de plomo sanguíneo en muestras pareadas de alfareros para confirmar la confiabilidad del sistema LeadCare II (SLC) empleando este dispositivo en la población general, y cuantificar este metal en alimentos cocinados en recipientes de barro vidriado. La medición de plomo en sangre de los alfareros, se realizó por espectrometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito (EAAHG) y el SLC, este último método fue utilizado también en la población general. El nivel de plomo en alimentos fue cuantificado por EAAHG. Los datos pareados mostraron una correlación significativa (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), una diferencia media de 3.3 µg/dL Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie. 33 (1) 57-64, 2017 DOI: 10.20937/RICA.2017 E. Ortiz-Ortiz et al. 58con límites de concordancia de -2.4 a 9 y un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0.928; esos resultados indican concordancia entre los métodos. La mediana de plomo sanguíneo de 32.0 µg/dL y el rango intercuartílico (RIC) de 16.1 fue superior en los alfareros que en la población general (niños = 5.4 µg/dL, RIC = 5.9 y adultos = 8.3 µg/dL, RIC = 2.7). La concentración de plomo en el alimento superó el nivel máximo que contempla el Codex alimentarius. La alfarería persiste como un riesgo potencial en la población Tlaxcalteca.
The aim of this research was to quantify some POPs, such as p,p' DDT, p,p' DDE, and PCBs in agricultural soils of Tlaxcala, Mexico and evaluate their capacity for eliciting DNA damage, using Vicia faba as bioindicator. The values of ΣDDTs and ΣPCBs ranged from 8-24 to 118-26,983 µg/kg, respectively. The samples T1 (HQ = 9.3) and T2 (HQ = 53.9) showed concentrations of ΣPCBs higher than Canadian guidelines (SQGE = 500 µg/kg). The genotoxicity testing produced percentages of DNA fragmentation higher than negative control and statistically significant (p < 0.05), both in agricultural soils and organic extracts. The soils T2, T3, N4, and N5 showed a DICA from 2.6 to 3.1 times, statistically higher (p < 0.05) than negative control. In general, the agricultural soils have greater genotoxic capacity than the organic extracts, suggesting a potential risk to biota that depends upon this ecosystem.
Para identificar las diferencias en densidad básica de la madera por especie y algunas características físicas y químicas del suelo de dos sitios, así como su influencia sobre la densidad básica de la madera, se eligieron dos rodales naturales en el centro de México donde coexisten Pinus patula y Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii. La densidad básica de la madera se determinó a partir de 78 individuos. Las muestras de suelo se tomaron al pie de cada árbol para determinar el pH, textura y densidad aparente del suelo, porcentaje de materia orgánica, porosidad, carbono total así como fracciones húmica y no húmica. No se detectaron diferencias entre sitios por especie para densidad básica de la madera. El análisis edáfico evidenció diferencias significativas para la mayoría de las propiedades entre sitios y mayor variación dentro de Ejido Ingenio del Rosario Xico, Veracruz, México; solo se verificó correlación negativa entre la densidad básica de la madera de Pinus patula y la densidad aparente del suelo del rodal de Ejido Ingenio del Rosario, Xico, Ver; por lo que se concluye que estas especies pueden establecerse y desarrollarse en sitios con características edáficas distintas sin presentar cambios importantes en la calidad de su madera.
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