Moral competence can therefore be used as a tool to improve care in nursing practice to meet patients' problems and needs and consequently increase public's satisfaction in Malawi.

Family members, also known as patients’ guardians (PG) are involved in caring for inpatients in acute care hospital settings. The practice is adopted from Family Centred Care (FCC) approach. This literature review aimed to provide an overview of key findings in literature on the practice of involving PGs in acute care hospital settings We used a systematic literature search to select original research articles or systematic reviews published in English between 2008 and 2019 that discussed PGs in acute care hospital settings. Studies that discussed PGs in long-term care hospital or in-home settings were excluded from this literature review. Literature was sought from CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. CASP and JBI checklist was used to appraise the full-text articles for inclusion in the literature review. Twenty-six articles were included. Findings show that there is limited literature on this topic although healthcare institutions involve PGs in their routine inpatient care. Three themes emerged from the review; the FCC approach, roles of PGs in acute care hospitals, and implications of involving PGs in acute care hospitals. PGs offer any care that is left undone by nurses in acute care hospitals to ensure that their patients’ needs are met. However, their involvement is not consistent with FCC principles. This leads to physical, psychosocial, and economic implications for PGs. We recommend that nurse practitioners should consistently implement FCC principles to enable PGs to offer meaningful care to their inpatients.

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Postpartum contraception has some ambiguities in terms of its definition and period. The purpose of this concept analysis is to clarify postpartum contraception in terms of its attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents. This can be used in the development of a model for care that promotes the use of postpartum contraception Walker and Avant's (2011) traditional method of concept analysis was used here. A theoretical definition of postpartum contraception was formulated and six defining attributes of postpartum contraception were identified through the process of induction. The antecedents and consequences of postpartum contraception are presented Defining postpartum contraception helps highlight important elements that can be applied in client care in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further insights to this concept are required for the development of a model, which can be used to improve midwifery practice and maternal and neonatal health.