(Gairaigo) Loan word was born as a result of cultural and language contact with other countries. Loan word in Japanese or commonly known as gairaigo is known generally comes from English, but not entirely so. The purpose of this research is to describe the origin, form, and formation process of the loan word in Japanese, The method used is descriptive method. As the result of the research, it is found that Japanese loan word is not only from English; the form of loan word consists of 3 - 7 syllables; and entered into Japanese through adaptation and adoption process.Keywords: gairaigo, adaptation, adoption

This paper discusses  “Compound Verb ~Nukeru in Japanese Sentences”. The objective of this research is to describe the structure and the meaning of Japanese compound verb ~nukeru. The data taken from electronic mass media, electronic articles and, Japanese language websites. Listening method with the tapping technique as the basic technique and the free-of-conversation listening technique (SBLC) and the note-taking technique as the continuation technique are used in providing the required data. Furthermore, analysis of the structure and meaning of the compound verb ~nukeru are carried out using the agih method with the direct element division (BUL) technique and the top down technique. The presentation of the results of data analysis are carried out using an informal method.. Based on the data analysis, it is concluded that the compound verb ~nukeru is formed from various pre-verbs (V1) and back-verb; nukeru (V2). Furthermore, the compound verb ~nukeru can be attached to intransitive and transitive, progressive, and stative, volitional and non volitional  and motion verbs. The compound verb ~nukeru has 8 meanings, they are penetration, breakthrough/breakout in a fight/game/match, breakthrough/penetration of space, the process of passing from a space, crossing; shortcut; pass; through, excellence; quality; prominence; superiority, renunciation; dismantlement; withdrawal; secession; leave, and sold out in high prices. Meanwhile, the meaning relationship between the pre-verb (V1) and the back-verb (V2); nukeru consists of hobun kankei or complementary relationships, shuushoku-hishuushoku kankei (prefix affixation of verbs), shujutsu-hosoku kankei, and jukugou fukugoudoushi.

Greetings is necessary in human relationship. If we can’t express greeting properly we will be regarded as the less civilized. And not to know how to use expressions that show gratitude can lead us to misunderstandings that would be not good for the relationship that has been existed. Indonesian expressed gratitude by using idiomatic expressions such as”terima kasih”, “makasih”, “trims” with sincerity, meanwhile Japanese expressed kansha (gratitude) using standard existing idiomatic expressions such as “arigatou gozaimasu”, “sumimasen”, “doumo”, etc, describing the facts that occurred, describing the feeling of the speaker, and gestures. Kata Kunci : greetings, gratitude, terima kasih,arigatou gozaimasu

-You to suru form has two functions, i.e. as a marker of interpersonal modality and a marker of incoative aspects. This study aims to describe the structure and meaning of -you to suru form in order to use it in the right situation. The method used in this study is agih method, and bagi unsur langsung techniques. As a result of the research, it was found that -you to suru form as a marker of intention modality stated effort in doing something; and as a marker of the incoative aspect stated  the start of an activity. As a marker of intention modality, the form of -you to suru is attached to volitional verbs; while as a marker of the incoative aspect, -you to suru form is attached to both volitional and non volitional verbs.

Conjunction toki indicates time relation that expreesses actions that occur at the same time. Toki has three variants, they are toki, toki (ni), and toki (ni) wa. Each of them has its speciality of usage. Toki is the most neutral of all. The usage of particle (-ni) and (-ni) wa affects to the usage of toki in a sentence. Toki (ni) is used to express actions that happen one time, while toki (ni) wa expresses an general actions.