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Crowdfunding is changing how, why, and which ideas are brought into existence. With the increasing number of crowdfunded projects, it is important to understand what drives people to either create or fund these projects. To shed light on this new social phenomenon, we present a grounded theory of motivation informed by the first cross-platform qualitative study of the crowdfunding community. By performing 83 semistructured interviews, we uncover creator motivations, which include the desire to raise funds, expand awareness of work, connect with others, gain approval, maintain control, and learn; and supporter motivations, which include the desire to collect rewards, help others, support causes, and be part of a community. We also explore deterrents to crowdfunding participation, including, among creators, fear of failure, and, for supporters, lack of trust. Based on these findings, we provide three emergent design principles to inform the design of effective crowdfunding platforms and support tools.

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While studies have shown that affect influences creativity, few investigate how affect influences creative performance with creativity support tools. Drawing from methods commonly used in psychology research, we present affective computational priming, a new method for manipulating affect using digitally embedded stimuli. We present two studies that explore computational techniques for inducing positive, neutral, and negative affect and examine their impact on idea generation with creativity support tools. Our results suggest that positive affective computational priming positively influences the quality of ideas generated. We discuss opportunities for future HCI research and offer practical applications of affective computational priming. INTRODUCTIONCreative professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and designers, increasingly rely on technology to complete creative tasks at work. They use web browsers to conduct research and search for inspiration. They document projects on wikis in order to collaborate with others. They depend on graphic design software and word processors to design and create. In response, human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers have started building creativity support tools, or software to enhance creative performance [37].

Figure 1. Exemplars of Human-Computer Integration: extending the body with additional robotic arms; [70] embedding computation into the body using electric muscle stimulation to manipulate handwriting [48]; and, a tail extension controlled by body movements [86].