Design and Engineering). His engineering design research focuses on developing computational representation and reasoning support for managing complex system design. The goal of Dr. Morkos' research is to fundamentally reframe our understanding and utilization of system representations and computational reasoning capabilities to support the development of system models which help engineers and project planners intelligently make informed decisions at earlier stages of engineering design. On the engineering education front, Dr. Morkos' research explores means to integrate innovation and entrepreneurship in engineering education through entrepreneurially-minded learning, improve persistence in engineering, address challenges in senior design education, and promote engineering education in international teams and settings. Dr. Morkos' research is currently supported by the National Science The Importance of Incorporating Designer Empathy in Senior Capstone Design Courses AbstractThis paper will detail the challenges two groups of students, at two varying universities working on two separate senior capstone design projects, experienced when designing for target users they lack empathy for. The projects presented in this paper support handicapped and/or disabled individuals. As many engineers will gain employment in a healthcare related field, it is important that they are able to empathize with the target user -often handicapped and/or elderly individuals. This is further exacerbated by the increase in the number of handicapped and elderly individuals in the United States as medical care improves and life expectancy continues to increase. Students are not formally educated on the disparity between products/users they design for and products/users they are familiar with. If not addressed, this could lead to engineers designing inappropriate and unsuccessful products.The major contribution of this paper is beyond that of the design and build of assistive technology, rather it is the experience students gained by designing a system for users that they lack empathy for (though they possess sympathy for). This is of particular importance here because senior capstone design, an experience meant to prepare students for "real world" engineering, must integrate many engineering and societal elements beyond that of building a technical system. Specifically, students were expected to integrate the physical, physiological, and psychological components of the end user into their design -soft content not formally taught to students.Additionally, this paper will detail the unanticipated, yet beneficial experiences students gained beyond engineering design through this project, as well as the challenges involved in incorporating the physical, physiological, and psychological aspects of the end user, and how students were able to overcome this challenge and deliver a successful design. Further, this paper will provide recommendations for how to formally integrate educational elements that help students learn these critical skills t...