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This paper examines the likely immediate impact effect of some pollution taxes on the tax burden of households in a number of European countries. The total effect on households of such taxes is assessed using input-output analysis. Thus both the direct effect of taxes, through increased fuel prices, and the indirect effect, through increased prices of other goods, can be assessed simultaneously. This input-output approach allows the generation of direct plus indirect pollution intensities for all household consumption categories, for, in principle, a number of pollutants (CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , particulates). These intensities could then be used to assess the impact on households of pollution taxes. This paper concentrates on CO 2 and energy, performing a static analysis of the effect of a tax on the carbon

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. University of Wisconsin Press andThe Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Human Resources. ABSTRACTThe reform of child support arrangements, including their treatment by the welfare system, has been on the policy agenda in a number of countries in recent years. This paper simulates the impact of a reform that recently has been implemented in the United Kingdom. The analysis is based on estimates of a model of discrete choice labor supply for a sample of U.K. lone mothers. We suggest that reform will induce a major reduction in welfare expenditures on lone mothers and a significant rise in their labor force participation due to greater work incentives associated with the changes.