The aims of the study were to evaluate the control of botrytis in the soybean stem, spraying homeopathic solutions of Sulphur and Nosode of Macrophomina phaseolina in the dynamizations 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48CH. As additional treatment, we used distilled water and hydroalcoholic solution at 30% ethanol. In vitro tests were performed so as to analyze the number of micro-sclerotia and mycelial growth of the fungi, and in vivo tests to track the progress of the botrytis stem and the size of the lesion. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications. For the area under the mycelial growth curve (AUMGC) in the first test, there was no significant effect of Sulphur and Nosode of M. phaseolina. In vivo studies, comparing Sulphur with the control treatment, showed a reduction of 14 and 15% for the dynamizations of 12 and 48 CH, respectively. For the amount of micro-sclerotia of M. phaseolina, in the first test, Sulphur showed a reduction of up to 50%; Nosode of M. phaseolina showed no significant reduction of micro-sclerotia. In the second test, Nosode was not significant while Sulphur caused a reduction of up to 33%. For area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), in both trials, the drugs proved to be ineffective. These results indicate the potential of these homeopathic remedies in controlling the fungus, M. phaseolina.
This review article has aimed at environment and impact of different pollutants, define, classify, analyze and cite methods of remediation according to Brazilian environmental legislation. Concerns about the preservation of the environment is extensively debated nowadays, with a view mainly to the production of effluents in agriculture, toxic metals, emerging pollutants and excessive use of agrochemicals. However, some impacts are necessary to meet the needs of economic development and social to ensure they are carried out rationally. Furthermore, application of remediation methods reduce the impact of these pollutants as small as possible. In this sense, the environment's definition, the main current impacts, the size and consequences of these and some remediation methods, as well as Brazilian environmental legislation will be addressed.
The study aimed to verify the response of the application of foliar fertilizers based on potash, sulfur and molybdenum, with and without plaster in the soil, on the agronomic traits of corn crop. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 5 x 2 with four replications. The sources of variation showed no significant effect. These results indicate that the plaster efficiency in the agronomic characteristics can be possibly found with more reaction time of this conditioner into the soil, this justifies the non-significant effect of plaster on this cycle. The application of foliar fertilizers provided no significant increase in any of the variables, with no nutrients, probably due to availability and sufficient quantity in the soil where the study was conducted.
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