BackgroundSeveral research groups from different European countries have worked on the aetiopathogenesis of bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) and an association between the use of the vaccine PregSure BVD (Pfizer, Germany) and the development of this haemorrhagic disease was confirmed. Because BNP is not a notifiable disease, it is difficult to obtain information on its incidence. Based on pharmacovigilance (PhV) data, which are the only officially available data at the national level, the incidence of BNP is considered low. However, voluntary reporting of the disease can lead to underreporting.To gain more insight into the incidence of BNP among the affected herds, an epidemiological study was performed, which focused on 243 farms in Germany with cases of BNP. Farmers were asked to report the occurrence of BNP, including the number of cases, which allowed calculation of incidence in the affected herds. Matching such data with the registered cases in the National PhV System (NPhVS) gave us an opportunity to assess the extent of BNP underreporting.ResultsOn 243 farms, a total of 1195 calves younger than 4 weeks with haemorrhagic diathesis were registered. In 58 % of the reports, a diagnosis of BNP was confirmed by blood analysis and or by necropsy. The number of cases observed on individual farms ranged from 1 to 80. Based on these results, the incidence of BNP on affected farms ranged from 0.3 to 15.2 % (median 2.9 %). The maximal incidence in the year with the highest number of BNP calves ranged between 0.4 and 18.6 % (median 3.3 %). Comparing the number of cases registered in the NPhVS to the numbers found in this study revealed considerable underreporting to the national database: only 44 % of the farms and 41 % of the BNP calves included in the study were registered in the NPhVS.ConclusionsIn spite of the opportunity to report BNP calves to the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Langen, Germany), the estimated number of undetected BNP cases is remarkably high. However, even if the revealed substantial underreporting is taken into account, the incidence of BNP is low. Nevertheless, the incidence on some affected farms is very high, resulting in considerable financial losses that should not be underestimated. Although the exact pathomechanism of BNP at the molecular level is still not known, its incidence is clearly declining following withdrawal of PregSure BVD from the market.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0857-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background: This study was performed to analyse the influence of veterinary advice as well as other sources of information on vaccination decision of dog owners. Methods: A total of 1480 dog owners participated in this exclusively online conducted survey. Mean comparisons and correlation analyses were performed to check bivariate relationships between general data from the dogs, the dog owners, the vaccination decision making and risk/benefit analyses. Results: The results confirm that veterinarians are the most important source of information on vaccination for dog owners. Nevertheless, the World Wide Web including social media has also to be taken into consideration as a strongly influencing factor. Additionally, the availability of serious information about vaccinations on the internet and on social media has to be reconsidered in general by the veterinarian professional sector. Conclusions: Veterinarians should be aware of their significant influence on the owner's decision about vaccination and use this knowledge in a targeted way to achieve a high vaccination rate in order to ensure effective herd immunity. Communication strategies for veterinarians to improve information transfer to dog owners are required.
Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Hunde sind im Leben vieler Menschen wichtige Partner. Diese hohe Priorität führt zu differenzierten Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Gesundheitsvorsorge des Tieres auch im Hinblick auf Impfungen. In dieser Studie wurden Gründe für die Impfentscheidung von Besitzern privat gehaltener Hunde und Züchtern sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und mit den Angaben der teilnehmenden Tierärzte verglichen. Material und Methoden Insgesamt nahmen 1480 Besitzer privat gehaltener Hunde, 349 Züchter und 365 Tierärzte an dieser mit der Umfragesoftware LimeSurvey ausschließlich online durchgeführten Befragung teil. Absolute und prozentuale Häufigkeiten, Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen wurden anhand der Angaben der Hundehalter und Tierärzte analysiert. Der Vergleich der Änderung des Impfverhaltens zwischen Besitzern privat gehaltener Hunde und Züchtern erfolgte mit einem Mann-Whitney-Test. Ergebnisse Insgesamt 98 % der Studienteilnehmer stuften ihren Hund als Familienmitglied ein. Die Auswertung der angegebenen Impfgründe ergab, dass Ängste und Verantwortungsgefühle für Hundehalter eine größere Rolle spielen als äußere Umstände. Aus Sicht der teilnehmenden Tierärzte haben jedoch finanzielle Aspekte und Vorgaben durch Dritte wie Hundeschulen oder -pensionen einen stärkeren Einfluss auf die Impfentscheidung, als es die Hundehalter angaben. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Auswertung der Impfmotive von Hundehaltern ist den Angaben elterlicher Impfentscheidungen sehr ähnlich. Der Vergleich zwischen Aussagen der befragten Tierärzte und Angaben der Hundehalter zeigt einen deutlichen Kommunikations- und Aufklärungsbedarf für Impfungen in der tierärztlichen Praxis. Bereits etablierte Strategien aus der Humanmedizin können für diesen Zweck auch in der tierärztlichen Praxis zur Anwendung kommen und sollten zukünftig für die Veterinärmedizin entwickelt werden.
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