Abstract Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Abstract Background Aloe vera is a plant that has been used as an alternative drug. This plant contains various compounds, like anthraquinone, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin that has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both of it were responsible for the infection incident. This study aims to determine the efficacy of Aloe vera sap as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods An experimental study, in vitro using post-test only control group design, has been done at laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University, by examining the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera sap in five different concentration (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%) using well diffusion and solid dillusion method to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). And then continued with the phytocemical screening to determine the compound inside the Aloe vera sap. Results Aloe vera sap were able to kill Staphylococcus aureus at 5% and Eshcerichia coli at 80%. Compatibility test showed that Aloe vera sap with concentration of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% are compatible with amoxicillin, therefore 80% is compatible with cefotaxime. This ability due to the compound that it contains, which is alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, and saponin. Conclusion Aloe vera sap is effective as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keyword: Aloe vera sap, antibacterial, efficacy, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
Efektivitas Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) sebagai Zat Antiseptik pada Cuci Tangan. Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) merupakan tanaman yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai tanaman berkhasiat. Hal ini disebabkan karena komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, minyak atsiri, dan saponin yang mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba. Penggunaan air perasan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) sebagai alternatif untuk mencuci tangan serta penelitian mengenai antibakteri di dalamnya, menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai efektivitas jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) sebagai zat antiseptik pada cuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas mencuci tangan menggunakan air biasa, air perasan jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), dan alkohol 70%. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan rancangan eksperimental sederhana (Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design). Sebanyak 5 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedoketan Universitas Sriwijaya dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Tiga kelompok diberikan air perasan jeruk nipis dengan variasi konsentrasi 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Kelompok lainnya adalah kelompok kontrol positif dengan pemberian alkohol 70% dan kontrol negatif diberikan aquadest. Analisis terhadap jumlah koloni atau angka kuman dilakukan melalui pengambilan sampel di permukaan telapak tangan subjek dengan cara di swab menggunakan kapas swab steril. Secara umum, terjadi penurunan jumlah koloni atau angka kuman pada cuci tangan menggunakan air perasan jeruk nipis. Namun, secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna kecuali pada kelompok jeruk nipis konsentrasi 75% postest menit pertama. Jeruk nipis konsentrasi 75% efektif sebagai antiseptik yang mana terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni atau angka kuman pretest dengan postest menit pertama.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara indeks massa tubuh dan profil lipid pada remaja obesitas di Kota Palembang. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang terhadap 143 remaja di Kota Palembang. Indeks massa tubuh dihitung berdasarkan berat badan (kg) dan tinggi badan (m). Kadar profil lipid berupa kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL-kolesterol dan HDL-kolesterol darah diperiksa menggunakan kit dari human® di Laboratorium Kimia Dasar Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan sekitar 29,4% remaja di Kota Palembang mengalami obesitas dan sekitar 17,5% remaja mengalami dislipidemia. Uji korelasi Pearson antara indeks massa tubuh dan profil lipid menunjukkan nilai p=0,093 r=0,141, p=0,002 r=0,260, p=0,983 r=0,002, dan p=0,256 r=0,096 masing-masing untuk kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL-kolesterol dan HDL-kolesterol. Korelasi indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar kolesterol total, LDL-kolseterol dan HDL-kolesterol tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Namun, korelasi indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar trigliserida bermakna (p<0,05) dengan arah korelasi postif dan kekuatan lemah (r=0,2-0,4). Simpulan: Pada remaja, tidak ada korelasi indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar kolesterol total, LDL-kolseterol dan HDL-kolesterol. Terdapat korelasi positif antara indeks massa tubuh dan kadar trigliserida pada remaja.
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