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Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel care for patients in challenging and dynamic environments that may contribute to an increased risk for adverse events. However, little is known about the risks to patient safety in the EMS setting. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, including nonrandomized, noncontrolled studies, conducted qualitative interviews of key informants, and, with the assistance of a pan-Canadian advisory board, hosted a 1-day summit of 52 experts in the field of EMS patient safety. The intent of the summit was to review available research, discuss the issues affecting prehospital patient safety, and discuss interventions that might improve the safety of the EMS industry. The primary objective was to define the strategic goals for improving patient safety in EMS. Participants represented all geographic regions of Canada and included administrators, educators, physicians, researchers, and patient safety experts. Data were collected through electronic voting and qualitative analysis of the discussions. The group reached consensus on nine recommendations to increase awareness, reduce adverse events, and suggest research and educational directions in EMS patient safety: increasing awareness of patient safety principles, improving adverse event reporting through creating nonpunitive reporting systems, supporting paramedic clinical decision making through improved research and education, policy changes, using flexible algorithms, adopting patient safety strategies from other disciplines, increasing funding for research in patient safety, salary support for paramedic researchers, and access to graduate training in prehospital research. RÉ SUMÉLe person-nel des services mé dicaux d'urgence (SMU) doit souvent intervenir dans des contextes difficiles et instables pouvant accroître les risques d'é vé nements indé sirables. Or, les risques pour la sé curité des patients dans ce contexte sont mé connus. Pour remé dier à cette situation, nous avons effectué une analyse documentaire complè te, y compris des é tudes non randomisé es et non contrô lé es, ré alisé des entrevues qualitatives d'informateurs clé s et, avec l'assistance d'un conseil consultatif pancanadien, organisé une table ronde d'une journé e ré unissant 52 experts dans le domaine de la sé curité des patients et des SMU. Le but de cette rencontre é tait d'examiner les recherches disponibles, de discuter des questions touchant la sé curité des patients en milieu pré hospitalier et de discuter des interventions pour amé liorer leur sé curité . Notre principale intention é tait de dé finir les objectifs straté giques pour amé liorer la sé curité des patients dans les SMU. Les participants repré sentaient toutes les ré gions gé ographiques du Canada et incluaient des administrateurs, des é ducateurs, des mé decins, des chercheurs et des experts en sé curité des patients. Les donné es ont é té recueillies à l'aide d'un vote é lectronique et d'analyses qualitatives des discussions. Le groupe d'e...

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This study utilised the What Is Happening In this Class (WIHIC) questionnaire to examine factors that influence Californian students' perceptions of their learning environment. Data were collected from 665 USA middle school science students in 11 Californian schools. Several background variables, such as gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and class size, were included in the study. A hierarchical analysis of variance was conducted. Results from this study indicate that some scales of the WIHIC are more inclined to measure personal or idiosyncratic features of student perceptions and other class features. A variable that consistently affected students' perceptions was student gender. Generally speaking, girls perceived their learning environment more positively than did boys. RationaleResearch conducted over the past 30 years has shown that the quality of the classroom environment is a significant determinant of student learning (Fraser, 1994(Fraser, , 1998. That is, students perform better and have more positive attitudes toward the subject taught when they perceive the classroom environment positively. Numerous studies in maths, physics, chemistry, and biology education have shown that student perceptions of the classroom environment account for appreciable amounts of variance in learning outcomes, often beyond that attributable to background student characteristics. Moreover, students' perceptions of their teachers' behaviour do act

We measured rates of hospital admissions for mental health disorders and selfpoisoning during the pandemic in patients without COVID-19, compared to those admitted before the pandemic. Data were collected from 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2021, including the pandemic period from 01/03/2020. There were 10 173 (47.7% men) from the pre-pandemic and 11 019 (47.5% men) from the pandemic periods; mean age = 68.3 year. During the pandemic, admission rates for mental health disorders and self-poisoning were higher for any given age and sex. Self-poisoning was increased with toxic substances, sedatives and psychotropic drugs, but reduced with nonopioid analgesics. Patients admitted with mental health disorders had lower readmission rates within 28 days during the pandemic, but did not differ in other outcomes. Outcomes from self-poisoning did not change between the two study periods.