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The purpose of this article is to report on baseline intakes of 1874 third-grade children representing a subsample of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) cohort. Intakes were assessed using a single, food record-assisted, 24-hour recall. The sample is unique in that it is drawn from four states and includes students from various ethnic backgrounds. Nutrients of interest include total energy, sodium, dietary cholesterol, and percent of energy from total fat and saturated fat. At baseline, third-grade students were consuming above nationally recommended levels of energy from fat, saturated fat, and sodium. The CATCH findings show a mean energy intake of 2031 kcal with significant differences by sex. Significant differences by site were seen for percent of energy from total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol. Children from Minnesota consumed the lowest proportion of energy from total fat and saturated fat while children from Texas had the highest proportion of energy from total fat and saturated fat. Intake of dietary cholesterol was lowest in Minnesota and highest in Louisiana. Nutrient differences by ethnic group were seen only for energy, with African Americans having the highest energy intake and Hispanics having the lowest energy intake. The number of meals consumed from school food service significantly influenced children's nutrient, intake; children consuming two meals from school food service had significantly greater intakes of energy, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol compared to students consuming one or no meals from school food-service. The results are compared to other national nutritional surveys of children.

Abstract:Of the estimated 10.2 million people incarcerated worldwide on any given day in 2014, it is estimated that 3.8% have HIV (389,000 living with HIV), 15.1% have HCV (1,546,500), 4.8% have chronic HBV (491,500), and 2.8% have active tuberculosis (286,000). The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis are higher in prisons than in the general population in most countries worldwide, mainly because of the criminalization of drug use and the detention of people who use drugs. Another important risk factor is sexual behavior, where MSM represent major risk for transmission of infectious diseases. Overcrowding and poor infrastructure are responsible for parasitic infections. Improving conditions in prisons, finding alternatives to detention and mostly available HAART and preventive programs for HIV, HCV and tuberculosis, could be the options how to lower the numbers of infected people.