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Metschnikowia Kamienski 1899 is a genus of yeasts originally described as Monospora (M. bicuspidata) by E. Metschnikoff (Arch. Pathol. Anat. Physiol. 96:177-195, 1884) for an organism which occurred as a parasite in the body cavity of the freshw ter crustacean Daphnia magna. The outstanding characteristic of this yeast was the elongate, club-shaped ascus which contained a single, needle-shaped ascospore pointed at each end. The first pure cultures of Metschnikowia were obtained from seawater, fish intestines, and kelp in the Pacific Ocean off Southern California (N. van Uden and R. Castelo-Branco, J. Gen. Microbiol. 26:141-148, 1961). Physiological studies indicated that the isolates represented two distinct species, which were described as M. zobellii and M. krissii. Experimental pathogenicity for Daphnia magna was established; the organisms, when observed in Daphnia, corresponded to the morphological description originally given by Metschnikoff. A third species, isolated from brine shrimp (Artemia salina), was described as M. kamienskii (J.

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